运动方式对人体骨健康的影响

【作者】 赵杰修；

【导师】 张林；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2000， 硕士

【副题名】骨密度高值人群有效体质指标及骨质疏松症运动处方的探讨

【摘要】 近年来，一些关于运动与骨质疏松症的研究提示，高强度抗阻力、系统性训练可以提高骨峰值（骨量增长期）和延缓骨量丢失（骨量减少期）。但是，非系统性不同运动方式对骨峰值和骨量丢失的研究极少且颇具争议，中华传统运动项目──武术和气功对骨健康的作用有待于进一步研究。本研究应用骨密度单光子吸收（SPA ）、标准体质测量、问卷调查和数理统计等多种科研方法，以1603名华南师范大学、中山学院在校学生和广东省老年干部活动中心参与者及社会普查者为研究对象，分析运动方式对人体BMD的影响作用，结果表明： 1．系统性和非系统性体育运动具有促进人体骨健康的作用，可以提高骨 峰值、延缓骨量减少速率和维持身体平衡，进而有效地减少骨折的发 生率。 2．中华传统体育项目对骨健康的作用各异。太极拳对于延缓骨量丢失有 显著的积极作用，武术（不包括太极拳）对提高骨峰值有十分重要的正面 影响，而气功对骨健康则无明显的增进效果。 3．对于人体的骨量减少期而言，运动和补钙的联合作用比单纯运动具有 更佳的健骨效果，但差异没有表现出统计学上的显著性（P＞0.05）。 4. 体质指标与BMD有一定的相关性。青年男性的握力、握力/ 身高，青 年女性的体脂肪量和上臂皮褶厚度，中老年男性的胸围、维尔维克指 数，中老年女性的握力、握力／身高与其非优势侧桡骨BMD分别呈显 著相关。 5．选取骨量增长时期和骨量下降时期的部分BMD高值人群，建立优秀 -1- 互 hk）W）N＃4jiff＆the“ 骨健康人群的特征模型，对23项原始身体形态、机能指标的逐步回归 筛选结果表明：青年男性BMD的有效指标为握力、臀围／身高、肩肿 下角皮沼厚度；青年女性BMD的有效指标为握力、腰围／身高、胸围／ 身高和和平衡力；中老年男性BMD的有效指标为握力、腰围、臀围／ 身高和握力／身高；中老年女性BMD的有效指标为身高和腰围。 6．在骨量增长的时期，男性提高握力和臀围／身高、降低肩肿下角皮稻厚 度指标变量值的运动方式是达到BMD高峰值的有效途径；女性提高 握力和腰围／身高、降低胸围／身高和平衡力指标变量值的运动方式可能 是达到BMD高峰值的有效途径。在骨量减少的时期，男性提高握力 和腰围、降低臀围／身高和握力／身高指标变量值的运动方式是延缓骨量 丢失速率的有效途径；女性保持身高、降低腰围指标变量值的运动方 式是延缓骨量丢失速率的有效途径。 7．防治骨质疏松症的运动处方为持之以恒地进行频率3次／周以上、每次 运动时间不少于半小时的，适宜于自身个体的高强度运动。并且，不 同性别、不同年龄段在实施运动处方时应注意其增进骨健康的有效途 径。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the further research work on therelationship between exercise and osteoporosis, some studiessuggest that high-intensity resistant and systematic trainingprogram could maximize peak bone mineral density (in the period ofbone mass increase) and retard bone mass loss (in the period ofbone mass decrease). But, the effects of various non-systematicexercise modes on peak bone mineral density and loss of bonemass scarcely have been studied, and the results have causedmuch controversy. The influences of Chinese traditional sports──wushu and qigong pending further research. Single photonabsorptionetry (SPA) for BMD, measures of standard physicalfitness indexes, questionnaire and mathematical analysis wereapplied in the research. 1603 undergraduates from South-ChinaTeachers University and Zhongshan College, old people atrecreation center of veteran cadres and social people whose radiusBMD had been measured were recruited to participate in the studyHaving analyzed the data of BMD combined with exercise modes,we found:1. Both systematic and non-systematic exercise playedimportant roles in healthiness of human bones. And exercise couldminimize incidence of bone fracture by increasing peak bonemineral density, retarding the speed of body’s bone loss andmaintaining body balance.- 3 - /~4Li~~2.Chinese traditional sports had various effects on healthiness of bones. Taijiquan could reduce speed of bone loss effectively, and wushu (not including taijiquan) could increase the peak bone mineral density. But, we hadn’t found the positive functions from qigong.3.In the period of bone loss, exercise cooperating with Ca-supplement had greater prevention effect than exercise alone did. The difference between two groups doesn’t have statistical significance (P>O.05).4.The indexes of physical fitness were correlated with the values of BMD. Grip strength and grip strength/height of young men, body fat and thickness of arm fat of young women, chest girth and Verwaeck index of old men as well as grip strength and grip strength/height of old women were strongly correlated with their non-dominant hands’ radius BMD respectively.5.To build characteristic model of excellent bone health people, we have accumulated a lot of people who have high BMD in the periods of bone loss and bone increase. The results of gradual regression analyses for 23 primitive indexes shown: grip strength, hip girth/height and thickness of upper back fat were effective indexes in BMD of young men; Grip, waist girth/height, chest girth/height and capacity of balance were effective indexes in young women; Grip strength, waist girth, hip girth/height and grip strength/heitht indexes were effective indexes in old men; grip strength and waist girth were effective indexes in old women.6.In the period of bone mass increase, the exercise mode which could heighten the values of grip strength and hip girth/height variables, and lower the value of thickness of upper back fat variable is an effective way maximizing peak bone mineral density in men; The exercise mode which could heighten the values of grip strength and waist girth/height variables, and lower the values of chest girth/height and capacity of balance variables is probably an effective way maximizing peak BMD in women. In the period of bone mass loss, the exercise mode which could heighten the values of grip strength and waist girth variables, and lower the-4-values of hip girth/height and grip strength/height variables is an effective way retarding bone mass loss in men; The exercise mode which could heighten the value of height variable and lower the value of waist girth variable is an effective way retarding bone mass loss in women.7.The exercise prescription of preventing osteoporosis is higher intensity exercise no less than half an hour every time and no less than three times per week. And effective ways which could improve bone health should be更多还原