聚合物（超）分散剂的合成及分散性能研究

【作者】 周峰；

【导师】 刘福田； 邹志琛；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 分析化学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，有关高效聚合物分散剂的合成成为颜料分散助剂研究的热点。聚合物分散剂又称为“超分散剂”，比传统的表面活性剂具有更好的润湿分散性能，已在生产中得到应用，但是国内研究较少，产品依靠进口。我们主要研究了A-B两亲结构的超分散剂合成及分散性能。主要工作及结论如下：一、超分散剂的合成：1．合成了具有亲油-亲水两亲性的聚合物（超）分散剂，用红外（IR）、 核磁（~1H-NMR）、凝胶色谱（GPC）、滴定等方法进行了表征；2．研究了两种单体BuA、MMA的链转移自由基聚合反应，合成了具 有端基反应性官能团的聚合物，求出了链转移剂在聚合条件下的链 转移常数，讨论了端基官能团化的比例；3．研究了具有端基官能团的聚合物与小分子物质的反应，发现其反应 速率除受温度、官能团浓度、催化剂等因素的影响外还受大分子链 长度的影响。二、聚合物（超）分散剂在无机颜料（钛白）上的吸附特性 用重量法绘制了不同的等温吸附曲线，所求吸附量与热重（TGA）法求得的吸附量进行了比较，得出如下结论：1．以PBuA为溶剂化链、有机胺为锚固基团的分散剂具有更大的吸附 量；2．随着温度的升高吸附量逐渐减小，说明分散剂在颜料上的吸附为一 放热过程；3．吸附量的大小还与颜料的种类、溶剂的极性和溶解度参数、分散剂 的溶解度等因素有关；4．用TGA法求得了PBⅡ分散剂在钛白、铁红两种颜料表面上化学吸 山东师范大学硕十毕业论文 附和物理吸附的分数。 三、合物（超）分散剂在油墨生产中的应用 1．在研究亲水（锚固）基团相同、溶剂化链不同的超分散剂对颜料润 湿分散性能的影响时，发现PBUA为溶剂化链的超分散剂比P＊＊A 为溶剂化链的分散剂分散效果更好。在一定的研磨时间内，得到的 颜料粒径更小，更均匀；得到的分散体系粘度低，更趋近于“牛顿 型”流体，光泽性好，稳定性好，存放时问长。 2．在研究溶剂化链相同、亲水端基不同的超分散剂对颜料润湿分散性 能的影响时发现，以胺为亲水端基的分散剂具有更好的润湿分散性 能，与吸附量的测定结果一致； 3．PBllA为溶剂化链、有机胺为锚固基团、分子量为2000习000的超分 散剂具有最佳的分散效果，其对钛白、铁红、炭黑等颜料的润湿分 散效果与Henkel公司的963分散剂相当：该分散剂应用于钛白、铁 红颜料时，最佳用量为0．5刁％ 4．聚合物（超）分散剂用于制备高含量颜料色浆具有极佳的效果，相 同的稀释剂、颜料用量及分散剂用量时，攸用PB超分散剂不仅得到 低粘度的颜料色浆，而且可使固体颜料的含量提高到75％以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, much research work in the field of pigment-dispersing aids has been focused on the synthesis of highly efficient polymeric dispersants (as are often called hyperdispersants), which may have a more favorable dispersability than the conventional surfactants. However, little work has been done in our country, so their use in the production of ink and paint is mainly depending on import product. In our work, effective hyperdispersants were synthesized through a three-step reaction. End-grouped polymers were first synthesized as the dispersing parts (solvated chains) and then coupled, through a coupling agent (TDI), with polyamine compounds as the adsorbing parts (anchoring groups). The hyperdispersants?adsorption property on several pigments was discussed in terms of different types and lengths of solvated chains, the number of the absorbing sites, temperature, dispersion medium, different pigments and so on. Much work had been done on their use in the production process of ink. Their wetting and dispersing ability was investigated. End-grouped polymer (PBuA or PMMA) containing aO2H or an H at one end was synthesized by chain-transfer radical polymerization of two monomers (BuA and MMA), initiated by AIBN. TGA or TEG was used both as chain-transfer agent and compound that contains another functional group. It was found that, when the ratio of chain-transfer agent to monomer amounts to 0.02 and initiator to monomer to 0.01, highly end-grouped polymers are obtained, which is the key to the synthesis of effective hyperdispersants in this thesis. By illustrating the relation of 1/P1 to [S]/[M], the chain-transfer constants of TGA and TEG were calculated as 0.67 and 0.64 respectively in the polymerization of BuA and TGA, 0.44, in the polymerization of MMA. In the coupling reaction, we found that the reaction rate of end-grouped polymer with polyamine compound is closely related to molecular weight of the polymer. In short, the reaction conditions were optimized. IR, H-NMR, GPC, and Titration methods were used to characterize the obtained product of each step. The adsorption property of the hyperdispersants on pigments was investigated after they had been purified. The adsorption isotherins were obtained through Gravimetric method and TGA (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis) as a comparison. Those dispersants with PBuA as solvated chains and polyamines as the anchoring groups have larger adsorption amount than other dispersants .The adsorption amount is also related to the types of pigments, temperature and the polarity and solubility parameter of solvent. Increasing the number of anchoring groups and decreasing the temperature and the solubility of dispersant in solvent will enhance the adsorption amount. The adsorption process is exothermic. The chemi-adsorption ratio of PB II ~hyperdispersant on titanium dioxide and red iron oxide, is 62% 92% respectively. Those researches may help illustrate the wetting and dispersing ability of the hyper dispersants and facilitate their right applications.When applied to the production of ink, those dispersants with PBuA as solvated chains and organic amines as the anchoring groups have a better wetting and dispersing ability than those with PMMA as solvated chains or 021-I as the anchoring groups. It can help reduce the milling time of pigments, improve the stability when setting-down, and alter the rheological property of dispersion, especially when更多还原