【作者】 梅丽艳；

【导师】 文景芝；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过对黑龙江省玉米青枯病发生危害调查，探讨玉米青枯病发生规律。进行不 同方法防治玉米青枯病研究，以寻求更有效地保护生态环境的方法。结果如下： 1.“对玉米青枯病病原菌种类研究表明，禾生腐霉菌（P. graminicola）、瓜果腐霉菌（P. aphanidermatum）、肿囊腐霉菌（P.inflatum）、禾谷镰刀菌（F.graminearum）分离频率较高、 致病力强，是黑龙江省玉米青枯病优势病原菌种类。病原菌分离频率受培养基种类、病 株发病程度影响。 2.病原菌接种技术研究表明，几种病原菌接种方法均能引起玉米青枯病，根部接 种和髓部接种都能出现田间典型症状，以播前土壤接种有法效果最好。 3.玉米青枯病发生危害情况调查结果表明，黑龙江省玉米青枯病发生普遍，玉米 青枯病发病率受玉米品种、气象条件、栽培条件影响，严重者发病率达73 .5％。播期越 早、发病越重，玉米种植密度越大，发病越重。在种植密度相同时, 140cm垄宽，3个 苗带，比2个苗带发病重。 4.对82个品种或品系抗病性鉴定结果：高抗品种或品系15份，占18.29％；抗病 品种或品纱18份，占21.95％；中抗品种或品系13份，占15.85％；中感品种或品系20 份，占24.39％：感病品种10份，占12.2％；高感品种或品系占5份，2.44％。 5.经诱导抗病性测定，供试6种镰刀菌菌株均能诱导玉米抗青枯病。F1对P. graminicola的诱导效果最好，用F1注射诱导接种和土壤诱导接种的诱导效果分别为 100％和88％。F3对F.graminearum的诱导效果最好，用F5注射诱导接种和土壤诱导接 种诱导效果均达100％。诱导技术研究表明，播前土壤诱导接种法为最佳，效果好，持 效期长，且能改善玉米农艺性状。当迟滞期为 16天时，挑战后 63天诱导效果仍为 100％。 土壤诱导接种法最佳迟滞期是16天，注射诱导接种法的最佳迟滞期10天。 6.植物营养物质防治玉米青枯病试验结果表明，钾肥对玉米青枯病有防病增产作 用。在常规施用尿素、磷酸二铵情况下，以225kg/ha为最佳施用量。硅肥对玉米青枯 病也有防治作用。硅肥和ZnSO4均对腐霉菌有抑制作用。 7.利用药剂种子处理能有效地防治玉米青枯病。经田间小区试验，选出防效较好 的药剂复配方，70％甲基托布津 WP+50％福美双 WP、15％粉锈宁 WP＋50％福美双WP 及2％立克莠 DP，对苗期防效分别是71.43％、66.63％和 71.43％，对成株期的防效分别 是94.94％、100％和92.56％。更多还原

【Abstract】 The objective of this paper was to study the occurrence of corn stalk rot through theinvestigation of the incidence and yield loss damaged by the disease. to study the controltechniques of the disease in order to explore the effective measures to protect ecologicalenvironment.1.The study on species of pathogen showed that Pythium graminicola, Pythiumaphanidermatum and Pythium inflatum were the dominant species of pathogen which theisolation frequency was high and the pathogenicity was strong, the isolation frequency ofpathogen was related to the variety of culture medium and disease grade of diseased plant.2.The study of inoculation technique of pathogen indicated that several inoculationmethods could induce incidence of corn stalk rot. The root and pith inoculation could displaythe typical symptom, the soil inoculation before sowing was better.3.The investigation of the occurrence and the damage of corn stalk rot suggested that thecorn stalk rot was a widespread disease in Heilongjiang province, the disease ratio was relatedwith corn varieties, meteorological condition and cultivation, the incidence was up to 75%. Ifthe sowing was earlier and the planting density was more, the disease grade of plant grown 3rows in 140 cm ridge width was more than that of 2 rows.4.82 corn varieties were identified for the resistance to corn stalk rot, the result showedthat there were 15 high resistant varieties(lines), accounting for 18.29%, 18 resistantvarieties(lines), accounting for 21.95%, 13 middle resistant varieties(lines), accounting for15.88%, 20 middle susceptible varieties(lines), arcounting for 24.39%, 10 susceptiblevarieties(lines), accounting for 12.2%, 5 high susceptible varieties, accounting for 244%.5.The determination of induced resistance showed six induced strains of Fusarium couldinduce com resistance to corn stalk rot. The induced protection caused by F1 for P.graminicola was the best, the effects of F1 injection and soil inoculation were 100% and 98%respectively The induced protection caused by F5 for F.graminearum was the best, theinduced effects of the forenamed methods were all 100%. The effect of immunity wereinfluenced by induced methods, the effect of soil inoculation before sowing was the best andits protection period could be kept conger, which could improve the agronomic character ofcorn. When the lag period was 16 days, the induced effect after 63 days challenge inoculationremained 100%. The best lag period of soil inducing inoculation was 16 days. for injectioninoculation it was 10 days.6.The results of the diseased control by plant nutritional substances showed that Kfertilizer could control the disease and increase corn yield. The suitable rate of K fertilizerapplication was 225 kg/hm2 at a prerequisite for normal application rate of urea and(Nmp:PO+ Si fbolizer could contrl corn stalk rot. Both Si fereilizer and ZnSQ hadallbihon to Mum.7.The seed beatment by fungicide could effectiveIy control corn stalk rot. ThrOugh fieldexPeriments, several fOrmulas Of chenyi9al fungicides were screened. they were 70%ThOPhanate-methyl WP+50% Thha WP, l5% Triadimefon WP+50% Thiram WP and 2%Tebuconazole DP. their contrOl effectS at seedling were 7l.43%, 66.63% and 7l.43o/oresPeCtively In M-up the contrOl dri wer 94’94%, l00% and 92.56% respechvelyName: Mei, LiyanSPeCialIy’ Plant patholOgyAdvisor: Wen, Jingzhi更多还原