【摘要】 钽铌作为重要的稀有金属，具有耐磨、耐腐蚀等优良性质，广泛应用于超导、空间和新能源等高新技术领域。中国钽铌矿资源紧缺且禀赋差，贫、细、杂等特点突出，重选、磁选、浮选仍是回收钽铌矿主要的方法，而浮选法是实现复杂钽铌矿高效回收的主要手段。浮选过程中，捕收剂通常与矿物表面的金属活性位点作用，从而改变矿物表面的物理化学性质，促使矿物颗粒疏水并稳定黏附在气泡上，因此绿色及高效浮选捕收剂的开发与应用是至关重要的。目前常用的钽铌矿捕收剂有脂肪酸类、胂酸类、膦酸类、羟肟酸类和胺类捕收剂，此外，新型捕收剂和组合捕收剂的使用也能进一步提高钽铌矿的浮选指标。本文通过梳理近年来钽铌矿浮选捕收剂发展脉络，重点综述钽铌矿捕收剂种类及其应用，并结合未来发展趋势，对环境友好型捕收剂和组合捕收剂的开发进行探讨，旨在丰富钽铌矿浮选研究理论与实践体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tantalum-niobium, as an important rare metal with excellent properties such as corrosion resistance, is widely used in hightech fields such as modern information, superconductivity, space and new energy. Tantalum-niobium ore is a general term for minerals containing tantalum and niobium, totaling more than a hundred kinds, the main ones being tantalite, columbite and pyrochlore. The world’s tantalum ore resources are mainly located in Australia, Brazil. China’s tantalum and niobium ore resources are in short supply. The consumption of tantalum-niobium resources occupies the forefront of the world, relying heavily on imports. The current tantalum-niobium ore resources in China are characterized by low grade, fine embedded particle size, complex structural composition, scattered in a variety of minerals. To date, re-election, magnetic separation, and flotation is still the main method to recover tantalum-niobium ore. As for the micro-fine-grained tantalum-niobium minerals, fine grinding is required to meet the requirements of monomer dissociation. Flotation is an effective recovery method for such complex tantalum-niobium minerals. The feasibility of flotation mainly depends on whether collectors can interact with the active sites on the mineral surface, thus changing the physicochemical properties of the tantalumniobium ore surface, enabling the mineral particles to better attach to the air bubbles, and promoting hydrophobic flotation on the mineral surface. Currently, the commonly used tantalum-niobium ore collectors include fatty acids, arsine acids, phosphonic acids, hydroxamic acids, and amine-based collectors. In addition, the use of related new types of collectors and combined collectors can further improve the flotation indicators of tantalum-niobium ores. Therefore, this paper summarized the development of tantalum-niobium ore flotation collectors in recent years, focusing on the types of tantalum-niobium ore collectors and their applications. Combined with the future development trend, the development of environmentally friendly collectors and combined collectors was discussed. Meanwhile, on the basis of the introduction of collector types and their applications, the interaction mechanism between collectors and tantalum-niobium ore was also introduced. The results showed that, in terms of a single collector, fatty acid, phosphonic acid, amine and other collectors were modified to make their collector performance more comprehensive. Hydroxamic acid collectors were widely used in industrial applications, and had become the first choice for collecting tantalum-niobium ores due to their excellent collecting ability, high selectivity and low toxicity. In addition, other new chemicals also had a broad development prospect. As for the combination of collectors, the use of a mixture of collectors was more effective than the use of a single collector. Because of the synergistic effect between collectors, it could make up for the shortcomings of a single collector, to improve the sorting efficiency. Although the combination of collectors compared to single collector separation effect were significantly improved, the combination of collectors was indeed an effective way to solve industrial problems. However, the development of novel high-efficiency tantalum-niobium collectors remained a priority. New collectors could also lead to more possibilities for combined collectors. As for the synergistic effect of combined collectors, the general rules of their mechanism of action could not be fully explained under the existing technical conditions. This limited the widespread use of combined collectors and further in-depth research. Meanwhile, in parallel with the optimization of traditional collector types, novel collectors such as nano-ionic collectors and microbial collectors demonstrated broad research prospects. Despite being limited by current technical conditions, resolving issues related to preparation costs would be of great significance for guiding mineral processing industries worldwide. This paper looked forward to the future research direction of tantalum-niobium ore collectors, aiming to enrich the theory and practical system of tantalumniobium ore flotation research.更多还原