【摘要】 为明确苹果供应链中水烂病病因及微酸性次氯酸的防治前景，提高采后管理水平，保障苹果储藏效果、品质和货架质量。本试验采用组织分离、形态学观察以及分子生物学技术鉴定病菌，利用微酸性次氯酸（SAHA）进行室内毒力及离体防治效果测定。从苹果水烂果上共分离3个菌株，分别命名为QM1、QM2、QM3,菌落形态相似，均为圆形、青绿色、质地柔软。QM1被鉴定为青霉属Penicillium,其分生孢子梗分枝成3个瓶梗束。QM2鉴定为曲霉属Aspergillus,其分生孢子梗顶端呈囊泡状膨大。QM3鉴定为篮状菌属Talaromyces,分生孢子梗具3个柄状分枝。SAHA对菌株QM2的毒力效果最好，其EC₅₀为15.48μg/mL,其次为菌株QM3(EC₅₀=18.13μg/mL),对菌株QM1的毒力最弱(EC₅₀=23.05μg/mL)。SAHA对苹果水烂病具有良好的防治效果，最高达到87.90%;浸泡5 min防病效果最佳；3株致病菌中，SAHA对菌株QM2的防治效果最佳；对苹果品种甘肃天水‘秦冠’上发生的病害防治效果显著优于陕西洛川‘红富士’;此外，在不同接种方式中，针刺接种的防治效果显著优于碰撞接种。综上，本研究推荐微酸性次氯酸80～160μg/mL防控苹果水烂病。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this study is to clarify the etiology of apple water rot in the apple supply chain and to evaluate the control potential of slightly acidic hypochlorous acid（SAHA）, thereby improving postharvest management and ensuring storage performance, fruit quality, and shelf-life quality. Pathogens were identified using tissue isolation, morphological observation, and molecular biological techniques, and the toxicity and in vitro control efficacy of SAHA were evaluated. Three strains were isolated from apples with water rot symptoms and designated as QM1, QM2, and QM3. All strains exhibited similar colony morphology, being circular, bluish-green, and soft in texture. Strain QM1 was identified as Penicillium, characterized by conidiophores branching into three clusters of phialides. Strain QM2 was identified as Aspergillus, characterized by vesicle-like swelling at the apex of the conidiophores. Strain QM3 was identified as Talaromyces, featuring conidiophores with three stalk-like branches. SAHA demonstrated the strongest toxic effect against strain QM2, with an EC₅₀ value of 15.48 μg/mL, followed by QM3(EC₅₀=18.13 μg/mL), and the weakest effect against QM1(EC₅₀=23.05 μg/mL). SAHA exhibited good control efficacy against apple water rot, with a maximum control efficacy of 87.90%, and an immersion time of 5 min provided the optimal disease control effect. Among the three pathogens, SAHA was most effective against QM2. The control efficacy of SAHA against apple water rot on the cultivar ‘Qinguan’ from Tianshui, Gansu was significantly higher than that on ‘Red Fuji’ from Luochuan, Shaanxi. Additionally, among different inoculation methods, SAHA showed significantly better control efficacy against needle-puncture inoculation than collision inoculation. In conclusion, SAHA at concentrations of 80-160 μg/mL is recommended for the control of apple water rot.更多还原