【摘要】 本研究旨在探究通风风速对高速公路隧道沥青面层摊铺过程中有害气体、热湿环境分布及作业舒适度的影响。利用隧道既有风机将通风风速设为0.5、1.5、2.5 m/s，在摊铺机前50 m至摊铺机后100 m范围内定点监测甲醛(HCHO)、总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)质量浓度及环境温度、相对湿度和噪声，采用层次分析法(AHP)计算各指标对舒适度的贡献权重，结合实测数据得出舒适度指数，并以标准舒适度为参照进行评价。研究结果表明：摊铺与初压阶段沥青烟气与热量集中释放，在0～50 m内形成高浓度、高温高湿度的“热岛”区；当风速提高至1.5 m/s时，甲醛质量浓度、TVOC质量浓度及温湿度显著降低；当风速提高至2.5 m/s时，全部指标回归限值；TVOC质量浓度的权重最高(0.415)，是影响舒适度的首要因素；在0.5、1.5、2.5 m/s通风风速下，舒适度分别为标准舒适度的12.46%、45.83%和121.73%，充足通风可使作业环境超越基准；建议隧道沥青面层摊铺施工中通风风速不低于2.5 m/s，并重点监控TVOC指标，以便为作业人员健康防护提供数据支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the influence of ventilation air velocity on the distribution of harmful gases, thermal-humid environment, and working comfort during highway tunnel asphalt surface course paving, the existing tunnel fans were used to set the air velocity at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m/s. Fixed-point monitoring of formaldehyde(HCHO), total volatile organic compound(TVOC) mass concentrations, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and noise was performed in the zone from 50 m ahead of the paver to 100 m behind it. The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was applied to calculate the contribution weight of each indicator to comfort. A comfort index was then obtained by combining the measured data with the weights, and was compared against the standard comfort level. The results indicate that intensive release of asphalt fumes and heat occurs during paving and initial compaction, creating a "heat island" zone with elevated pollutant concentrations and abnormal temperature and humidity within 0-50 m behind the paver. As the air velocity increased from 0.5 m/s to 1.5 m/s, HCHO mass concentration, TVOC mass concentration, ambient temperature, and relative humidity decrease significantly; at 2.5 m/s, all parameters fall within permissible limits. TVOC possesses the highest weight(0.415) and is thus the dominant factor affecting comfort. Quantitatively, the comfort levels at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m/s corresponded to 12.46%, 45.83%, and 121.73% of the standard comfort, respectively, demonstrating that sufficient ventilation can raise the working environment above the baseline. This study recommends a minimum ventilation air velocity of 2.5 m/s during tunnel asphalt surface course construction, and identifies TVOC as the priority monitoring indicator, providing data support for the health protection of workers.更多还原