【摘要】 为明确主动导水土工合成材料在路基湿度调控中的作用机理、工程效能及应用前景，对相关研究进展进行了综述。首先，介绍了芯吸纤维及主动导水土工合成材料的发展历程与技术演化特征；其次，总结了主动导水土工合成材料的双孔隙结构、保水曲线和渗透系数函数等关键水力特性，分析了织物参数、土体类型和环境温度、湿度等因素对其导水性能的影响；然后，归纳了主动导水土工合成材料在冻土路基、膨胀土路基、铁路道床及边坡工程中的模型试验、数值模拟和现场应用成果；最后，评述了植物护坡联合导水系统等复合结构的研究进展。研究结果表明：主动导水土工合成材料可使路基含水率降低2%～10%，回弹模量提高2～3倍，冻胀量降低50%～66%，在抑制车辙、翻浆、唧泥及不均匀变形等方面效果显著，其本质是依靠芯吸纤维深槽结构与空气-土体湿度梯度耦合作用，实现非饱和土中水分的持续主动迁移。未来需要加强研究主动导水土工合成材料在多场耦合条件下的水分迁移机理、特殊环境耐久性、界面损伤演化及长期监测评价，以构建服务于长寿命道路工程的路基湿度主动调控体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 To clarify the mechanism, engineering performance, and application prospects of wicking geosynthetics in subgrade moisture regulation, a systematic review of relevant studies was conducted. Firstly, the development history and technical evolution of wicking fibers and wicking geosynthetics were introduced. Secondly, the key hydraulic properties of wicking geosynthetics were summarized, including the dual-porosity structure, water retention curve, and hydraulic conductivity function. The effects of fabric parameters, soil type, and environmental temperature and humidity on their drainage performance were also analyzed. Thirdly, the results of model tests, numerical simulations, and field applications of wicking geosynthetics in frost-prone subgrades, expansive soil subgrades, railway ballast beds, and slope engineering were summarized. Finally, research progress on composite systems, such as vegetation-assisted wicking drainage systems, was reviewed. The results show that wicking geosynthetics reduce subgrade moisture content by 2%-10%, increase resilient modulus by 2-3 times, and decrease frost heave by 50%-66%. Significant benefits are also achieved in mitigating rutting, frost boils, pumping, and differential deformation. The essential mechanism lies in the coupled effect of the grooved structure of wicking fibers and the air-soil humidity gradient, which enables continuous and active moisture migration in unsaturated soils. Further studies are needed on the moisture migration mechanism of wicking geosynthetics under multi-field coupling conditions, durability in special environments, interface damage evolution, and long-term monitoring and evaluation, so that an active moisture regulation system for long-life road engineering can be established.更多还原