【摘要】 为揭示高地应力软岩隧道仰拱垂向变形的时空演化规律，本文结合地应力反演、软岩蠕变试验与数值模拟等方法开展系统研究。基于典型软岩隧道的现场实测数据与隧址区三维地应力计算模型获取了软岩隧道初始地应力分布特征，通过对砂质泥岩与板岩进行蠕变试验，识别软岩典型的衰减与等速蠕变特征，采用Burgers-Mohr模型拟合得到各级围岩的蠕变参数。基于围岩-隧道数值模型，分析软岩蠕变、埋深、围岩等级及岩层倾角等因素对断面内仰拱垂向变形的影响。研究结果表明：断面内仰拱垂向变形呈“半波正弦形”分布，蠕变3 a后趋于稳定，变形幅值与埋深及围岩等级呈正相关，岩层倾角主要影响变形峰值位置；沿线路纵向的仰拱垂向变形分布与地应力分布趋势一致，围岩过渡段内的仰拱垂向变形主要集中于围岩分界点前后25 m范围内，且整体变形偏向弱侧围岩约5 m。更多还原

【Abstract】 To reveal the spatiotemporal evolution law of vertical deformation of the invert in high geo-stress soft rock tunnels, a systematic study was conducted by integrating geo-stress inversion, soft rock creep tests, and numerical simulations. The initial geo-stress distribution of the soft rock tunnel was obtained based on field monitoring data from a typical tunnel and a three-dimensional geo-stress calculation model of the tunnel site. Creep tests on sandy mudstone and slate were carried out to identify the typical attenuation and steady-state creep characteristics of soft rock, and the Burgers-Mohr model was employed to fit the test results and derive creep parameters for different surrounding rock grades. A tunnel-surrounding rock numerical model was then established to analyze the influence of creep behavior, burial depth, surrounding rock grade, and stratum dip angle on the cross-sectional vertical deformation of the invert. The results indicate that the cross-sectional vertical deformation of the invert exhibits a "half-wave sinusoidal" distribution, stabilizing after approximately three years of creep. The deformation amplitude is positively correlated with burial depth and surrounding rock grade, while the stratum dip angle mainly affects the location of the deformation peak. Along the tunnel alignment, longitudinal distribution of invert vertical deformation corresponds to the geo-stress distribution trend. In the surrounding rock transition zone, deformation is mainly concentrated within 25 m before and after the lithological boundary, with an overall shift of about 5 m toward the weaker side.更多还原