【摘要】 目的：促进酶解后荷花蜂花粉的营养物质和功能性成分的释放，优化花粉破壁工艺以增加其食用价值，并改进其加工特性。方法：以可溶性总糖含量作为响应值，采用单因素试验分析料液比、酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH主要工艺条件，使用响应面法优化纤维素酶酶解荷花蜂花粉的破壁工艺。通过扫描电子显微镜比较花粉的微观结构特性，进行破壁前后荷花蜂花粉的营养功能检测。结果：料液比1∶20、酶添加量5%、酶解时间4 h、酶解温度42.5℃、酶解pH 4.5为最佳破壁条件，该条件下可溶性总糖含量最高，为(47.44±0.33)%。经过破壁处理后的荷花蜂花粉细胞破裂，花粉的持油力、膨胀力和溶解性等得到明显改善(P<0.05),但持水力显著降低(P<0.05);黄酮和总酚的含量分别增加了(23.54±0.12),(13.68±0.41) mg/g; DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率均显著提高(P<0.05),分别提升了(44.56±0.78)%、(29.66±0.23)%。结论：酶解处理后的荷花蜂花粉能最大限度地释放糖类物质和功能性成分，为后续荷花蜂花粉的深加工奠定了理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: promote the release of nutrients and functional components in lotus bee pollen after enzymatic hydrolysis, optimize pollen wall-breaking process to increase its edible value, and improve its processing characteristics. Methods: taking the content of total soluble sugar as the response value, single factor test is used to analyze the main process conditions such as solid-liquid ratio, enzyme addition amount, enzymatic hydrolysis time, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and enzymatic hydrolysis pH. Response surface methodology is used to optimize the wall-breaking process of lotus bee pollen by cellulase enzymatic hydrolysis.The microstructure characteristics of pollen are compared by scanning electron microscope, and the nutritional functions of lotus bee pollen before and after wall-breaking are detected. Results: the optimal wall-breaking conditions are solid-liquid ratio of 1∶20, enzyme addition amount of 5%, enzymatic hydrolysis time of 4 h, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 42.5 ℃ and enzymatic hydrolysis p H of 4.5. Under these conditions, the content of total soluble sugar is the highest of(47.44±0.33)%. After wall-breaking treatment, the lotus bee pollen cells are broken, and the oil holding capacity, swelling capacity and solubility of pollen are significantly improved(P<0.05), but the water holding capacity significantly decreases(P<0.05). The content of flavonoids and total phenols increases by(23.54±0.12),(13.68±0.41) mg/g respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate and hydroxyl free radical scavenging rate are both significantly improved(P<0.05), increasing by(44.56±0.78)% and(29.66±0.23)% respectively. Conclusion: the lotus bee pollen after enzymatic hydrolysis can maximize the release of carbohydrates and functional components, laying a theoretical foundation for the subsequent deep processing of lotus bee pollen.更多还原