【摘要】 基于近场动力学方法，考虑刚体冲击作用下结构断裂破坏及裂纹扩展效应，建立了用于模拟普通玻璃平板在冲击载荷作用下损伤与裂纹扩展过程的数值模型，并通过侧向冲击试验及玻璃方板冲击试验验证了模型的有效性。在此基础上，系统研究了刚体小球在不同冲击角度和冲击速度条件下对玻璃平板损伤程度、裂纹形态演化及扩展机制的影响。研究结果表明：冲击角度对裂纹类型及其扩展路径具有显著调控作用。低冲击角度(15°)下，切向动量占主导，易形成沿冲击轨迹分布的剥离带及扇形裂纹；中等冲击角度(30°～45°)下，切向与法向动量共同作用，裂纹由扇形向径向辐射状与局部贯穿裂纹混合演化；高冲击角度(60°～90°)下，法向动量主导破坏过程，裂纹以径向辐射裂纹为主，并伴随环状裂纹及分叉网络的形成。冲击速度对损伤演化具有显著影响，低速冲击下裂纹以径向辐射为主，随速度增大，环状裂纹数量明显增加并形成放射——环状复合裂纹网络。总体而言，冲击速度越大，玻璃平板所受最大冲击力越高，损伤程度越严重，损伤点数随初始冲击速度呈近似线性增长。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the peridynamic method, a numerical model was developed to simulate damage and crack propagation in a flat glass plate subjected to rigid-body impact, accounting for structural fracture and crack evolution. The validity of the model was verified through edge-on impact tests and impact experiments on square glass plates. On this basis, the effects of impact angle and impact velocity of a rigid sphere on the damage severity, crack morphology evolution, and crack propagation mechanisms of the glass plate were systematically investigated. The results show that the impact angle plays a critical role in governing crack types and propagation paths. At a low impact angle(15°), tangential momentum dominates the failure process, leading to the formation of spallation bands and fan-shaped cracks along the impact trajectory. At intermediate impact angles(30°-45°), the combined effects of tangential and normal momentum result in a mixed crack pattern, evolving from fan-shaped cracks to a combination of radial cracks and localized perforation. At high impact angles(60°-90°), the failure process is dominated by normal momentum, and radial cracks prevail, accompanied by the formation of circumferential cracks and branched crack networks. Impact velocity has a pronounced influence on damage evolution: at low velocities, radial cracks are predominant, whereas increasing velocity promotes the development of circumferential cracks and the formation of complex radial-circumferential crack networks. Overall, higher impact velocities lead to larger maximum impact forces and more severe damage, with the number of damaged material points increasing approximately linearly with the initial impact velocity.更多还原