【摘要】 以2011—2019年中国A股制造业上市企业为样本，实证研究工业机器人应用对企业劳动收入份额的影响。研究结果表明，工业机器人应用显著降低了企业劳动收入份额，且经过稳健性检验之后该结论依然成立。机制分析表明，机器人应用主要通过降低低技能劳动力收入份额、提升技能溢价和优化劳动力技能结构三条渠道产生影响，其中对低技能劳动力的替代效应是主导因素。异质性分析发现，负向效应在低技能劳动力密集型企业中更为明显，而在高技能劳动力占比较高或劳动保护制度较完善的样本中有所减弱。进一步研究表明，提升劳动力市场整合程度与劳动者议价能力有助于缓解机器人应用的负面冲击。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms from 2011 to 2019 as samples, this paper empirically studies the impact of industrial robot application on the labor income share of enterprises. Research results show that the application of industrial robots significantly reduces enterprise labor income share, and this conclusion remains robust after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that the application of robots primarily affects the labor income share through three channels: reducing the income share of low-skilled labor, increasing the skill premium, and optimizing the labor skill structure, with the substitution effect on low-skilled labor being the dominant factor. Heterogeneity analysis finds that the negative effect is more pronounced in low-skilled labor-intensive firms, while it is weakened in samples with a higher proportion of high-skilled labor force or samples with more comprehensive labor protection systems. Further research indicates that enhancing labor market integration and workers’ bargaining power can help mitigate the negative impact of robot applications.更多还原