【摘要】 林木抗逆分子育种是提升林木在干旱、盐碱、极端温度、重金属及生物胁迫等逆境条件下生存能力的重要途径。本文系统综述了近年来林木抗逆基因挖掘、分子标记辅助选择、全基因组选择、遗传转化与基因编辑技术等方面的研究进展。在多组学技术支持下，大量抗逆转录因子、功能蛋白及非编码RNA被鉴定，并揭示了其在胁迫响应网络中的调控机制。分子标记与全基因组选择的应用加速了抗逆性状的早期预测与育种进程。以农杆菌介导转化和CRISPR/Cas9为代表的基因工程技术，实现了抗逆基因的功能验证与性状精准改良。目前，已有抗逆转基因林木在小规模田间试验中展现出良好的抗性与生态安全性，为林木抗逆育种从实验室走向实际应用提供了理论与技术基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Molecular breeding for stress resistance is a crucial approach to enhance the survival capacity of trees under adverse conditions such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal contamination, and biotic stresses. This article systematically reviews recent research progress in the areas of gene discovery for stress resistance, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection,genetic transformation, and gene editing technologies in forest trees. Supported by multi-omics technologies, a large number of stress resistance transcription factors, functional proteins, and non-coding RNAs have been identified, and their regulatory mechanisms within stress response networks have been elucidated. The application of molecular markers and genomic selection has accelerated the early prediction of stress-resistant traits and the pace of breeding programs. Genetic engineering techniques, represented by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas9, have enabled the functional validation of stress-resistant genes and the precise improvement of traits. Currently, some genetically modified trees with enhanced stress resistance have demonstrated promising performance and ecological safety in small-scale field trials, providing a theoretical and technical foundation for translating stress resistance breeding of forest trees from the laboratory to practical application.更多还原