【摘要】 基于一维水动力-水质耦合模型和水环境容量模型，分析了日尺度下雨源型城市河道氨氮溢流污染和水环境容量的时空分布特征；采用熵权法和模糊综合评价法，提出了兼顾环境效益与经济效益的溢流污染综合调控方案。结果表明：日尺度下，河道断面氨氮峰值质量浓度与水环境容量谷值对降雨及污染物排放存在明显滞后效应，且水质恢复时间随着降雨强度的增大而延长，雨源型城市河道溢流污染分布与水环境容量存在空间错位，中游城区既是溢流污染关键负荷区，也是水环境容量瓶颈区，下游则具有较强的污染缓冲承载能力；末端调蓄措施可有效降低中、小雨场景河道断面氨氮峰值质量浓度，并维持水环境容量充足，大雨场景则需采用末端调蓄与生态补水组合措施，且靠近考核断面的污染负荷削减对水质改善效果最为直接；建设成本是制约溢流污染控制方案实施的关键因素，中、小雨场景应侧重污染负荷削减，大雨场景下需协同调控污染负荷削减率与生态补水量，以实现成本约束下的环境效益最大化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on one-dimensional hydrodynamic-water quality coupled models and water environmental capacity models, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ammonia nitrogen overflow pollution and water environmental capacity in urban rivers at a daily scale. Using the entropy weight method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a comprehensive regulation and control scheme for overflow pollution control is proposed, taking into account both environmental and economic benefits. The results show that at the daily scale, the peak mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen at river sections and the valley value of water environmental capacity exhibit an obvious lag effect in response to rainfall and pollutant discharge. Additionally, the water quality recovery time prolongs with increasing rainfall intensity. A spatial mismatch exists between overflow pollution distribution and water environmental capacity in rain-fed urban rivers: the midstream urban area serves as both the critical load zone for overflow pollution and the bottleneck zone for water environmental capacity, while the downstream area demonstrates strong pollution buffering and carrying capacity. Terminal storage measures can effectively reduce the peak mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen at river sections under light and moderate rainfall scenarios and maintain adequate water environmental capacity. For heavy rainfall scenarios, a combination of terminal storage and ecological water replenishment is required, and pollution load reduction near assessment sections yields the most direct improvement in water quality. Construction cost is a key factor restricting the implementation of overflow pollution control schemes. Under light and moderate rainfall, priority should be given to pollution load reduction, whereas under heavy rainfall, the pollution load reduction rate and ecological water replenishment volume need to be coordinately regulated to maximize environmental benefits under cost constraints.更多还原