【摘要】 人口减少与老龄化对乡村建设和乡村治理的挑战是当前全球乡村发展面临的一个普遍性问题。本文运用可持续生计框架，在剖析日本“极限村落”的形成原因与系统性影响的基础上，梳理了日本政府与社会各界的应对策略，并总结了其治理实践与教训。研究发现，日本“极限村落”的本质，是乡村社区在特定脆弱性背景下生计资产的系统性崩溃。它是宏观政治、经济结构与社会变迁多重因素叠加的结构性结果，并引发了基础设施服务中断、社区共同体功能瓦解和地方经济内生动力丧失等一系列连锁反应。日本的治理实践表明，其困境根源于“国家-市场-社区”三元主体的互动失衡，导致用于重建生计资产的“政策、制度与过程”出现偏差。因此，实现乡村可持续发展，必须通过制度和政策创新平衡效率与公平，通过多元主体参与激发乡村内生动力，并通过重构乡土价值吸引外部资源，最终实现城乡融合发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Population decline and aging pose major challenges to rural development and governance, representing a common issue for rural areas worldwide.This study adopts the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF) to analyze the causes and systemic impacts of Japan’s “marginal villages”,review the strategies adopted by the Japanese government and various social actors, and summarize lessons and reflections from governance practices.The findings reveal that the essence of Japan’s “marginal villages” lies in the systemic collapse of livelihood assets under specific vulnerability contexts.They are a structural outcome of overlapping macro-level political, economic, and social transformations, leading to a series of cascading effects such as the disruption of infrastructure services, the breakdown of community cohesion, and the loss of endogenous local economic vitality.Japan’s governance indicates that the root of the dilemma lies in the imba-lance of interactions among the “state-market-community” triad, which results in distortions in the “Policies, Institutions, and Processes(PIPs)” essential for rebuilding livelihood assets.Therefore, achieving rural sustainable development requires institutional and policy innovations that balance efficiency and equity, multi-stakeholder participation to stimulate endogenous rural vitality, and the reconstruction of local values to attract external resources, ultimately realizing integrated urban-rural development.更多还原