【摘要】 随着中国城市化水平的提高，介于城乡两部门的食品工业在国民经济中的地位越来越重要，因为它的原材料来自农村而主要消费者在城市，研究食品工业企业的选址和经营绩效的决定因素能够为制定城市产业规划和城乡融合产业政策提供启示。本文研究了食品工业的城市选址行为后发现，新中国成立之初的食品工业企业多选址于大城市，但它们在大城市中的占比随着市场化改革持续下降。本文对此现象提出理论假说：早期食品工业企业选址于大城市的主要动因是服务于大城市里的国企，而市场化改革淡化了这一动因并导致它们在大城市中的占比下降。基于1985年工业普查数据、1953—1980年工商注册数据和2000—2009年规模以上工业企业数据，本文利用1964—1980年的“三线建设”冲击构建双重差分模型，识别了经济发展早期城市国企对食品工业企业选址的因果效应。进一步研究还发现，“三线建设”冲击对粮食适宜度高的地区的食品工业的持续影响更大。本文对于理解中国的食品工业布局的历史起点及其随着市场化改革而变迁的趋势具有重要启示，也为“十五五”期间中国优化食品工业布局和发展县域富民产业提供了历史经验。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper reveals an important phenomenon that most of food processing industries(FPI) were concentrated in big cities under planned economy, while this concentration decreased sharply after the marketization in China. We propose a hypothesis that the location choice of FPI was mainly providing processed food for SOEs in big cities under the central planning economy, but this demand force decreased when more and more SOEs were privatized. Employing the 1985 industry census data, 1953-1980 business registration data, and data of industrial enterprises above designated size, we adopt the historical shock of “Three-front Construction” and apply a difference-in-differences strategy to identify the causal effect from SOEs to the development of FPIs under the central planning economy. Further investigation shows that the persistent effect of “Threefront Construction” on the development of FPIs under marketized economy is bigger in those areas with higher suitability for planting cereals. This paper helps understand the industrial distribution and its evolution trend under China’s central planning economy.更多还原