【摘要】 针对小苗旱地移栽机械田间试验受季节与气候条件制约的问题，提出通过设计小型土槽移栽试验台，系统研究关键栽植部件的工作特性，以缩短移栽机械的研发周期。首先利用SolidWorks建立移栽试验台三维模型，分析试验台的搭建可行性，完成试验台的搭建；其次对试验台的栽植频率、栽植株距进行基本参数标定，并通过高速相机获取了秧苗下落状态的图像以及栽植器末端点的运动轨迹；最后通过实际移栽作业对试验台进行性能验证。试验结果显示：苗直立度合格率平均值为90.3%，漏栽率平均值为3.0%，伤苗率平均值为3.3%，株距变异系数平均值为2.4%，栽植深度合格率平均值为94.9%。各项指标均表明试验台运行稳定、性能可靠，满足设计与试验规范要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the issue that field tests of seedling transplanting machinery for dryland are constrained by seasonal and climatic conditions, a small soil trough transplanting test bench was designed to systematically investigate the operational characteristics of key transplanting components, thereby shortening the R&D cycle of transplanting machinery. First, SolidWorks was used to establish a 3D model of the transplanting test bench. The feasibility of constructing the test bench was analyzed, and the construction of the test bench was completed. Second, basic parameters such as the transplanting frequency and spacing of the test bench were calibrated. A high-speed camera was used to capture images of the seedling falling state and the movement trajectory of the end point of the transplanter. Finally, the performance of the test bench was verified through actual transplanting operations. The results showed that the qualified rate of planting verticality was 90.3%, the rate of missing seedlings was 3.0%, the rate of injured seedlings was 3.3%, the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was 2.4%, and the qualified rate of planting depth was 94.9%. All indicators show that the test bench operates stably and has reliable performance, meeting the requirements of design and test specifications.更多还原