【摘要】 【目的】拓扑优化是一种当前使用较为普遍的优化方法，其通过优化材料构造，在给定的设计空间和约束条件下找到结构设计的最优形状、实现轻量化和满足约束条件。基于变密度拓扑优化法的思想，以某试验台工装结构为分析对象，阐述了建立拓扑优化的数学模型及求解方法，以期为基于先进设计方法的结构设计提供参考。【方法】首先，在HyperMesh仿真软件中采用OptiStruct模块创建工装有限元模型，以最小质量和最大1阶频率为优化目标，对单工况下的工装结构进行拓扑优化及尺寸优化，合理布置材料分布及优化板件厚度，提高工装设计质量；其次，根据优化结果及制造加工实用性，设计新的工装结构；最后，在Nastran模块中按照GB/T 21563—2018标准对工装模型进行强度校核。工装结构完成实际加工后，将其置于振动台上，分别实施纵向、横向与垂向扫频试验，随后将试验结果与仿真结果进行对比。【结果】结果表明，1阶模态频率从766 Hz提升至1 009 Hz，提高了31.72%；同时，工装质量从51 kg降至44.26 kg，减轻13.24%，且强度符合设计标准，整体达到了预期的优化目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] Topology optimization is a widely used optimization method that optimizes material construction, finds the optimal shape of structural design under given design space and constraints, achieves lightweighting, and satisfies constraints. Based on the idea of variable density topology optimization method, taking the fixture structure of a certain test bench as the analysis object, and the establishment of a mathematical model and solution method for topology optimization were elaborated in detail, in order to provide reference for structural design based on advanced design methods. [Methods] Firstly, a finite element model of the tooling was established in the HyperMesh simulation software using the OptiStruct module. With the minimum mass and maximum first-order frequency as the optimization objectives, topology optimization and size optimization were conducted on the tooling structure under a single working condition. The material distribution was reasonably arranged and the thickness of the plates was optimized to improve the quality of tooling design.Secondly, based on the optimization results and the practicality of manufacturing and processing, a new tooling structure was designed. Finally, in the Nastran module, the strength check of the tooling model was carried out in accordance with the GB/T 21563—2018 standard. After the actual processing of the tooling structure was completed, the tooling was placed on a vibration table, and longitudinal, transverse and vertical sweep frequency tests were conducted respectively. Subsequently, the test results were compared with the simulation results. [Results] The results show that the first-order modal frequency has increased from 766 Hz to 1 009 Hz, representing a rise of 31.72%. Meanwhile, the fixture mass has decreased from 51 kg to 44.26 kg, a reduction of approximately 13.24%, its strength meets the design standards and the overall objective is successfully achiered.更多还原