【摘要】 观赏荷花资源丰富，但育种过程中存在亲本背景不清、效率低等瓶颈。本研究对238份观赏荷花种质资源的10个数量性状和11个质量性状进行遗传多样性和生物统计学分析，结果表明，质量性状的遗传多样性指数为7.708～7.858,数量性状的遗传多样性指数为7.560～7.881,数量性状遗传多样性指数均值高于质量性状；花被片数变异系数最大(64.82%),且遗传多样性指数最低(7.560),叶长、叶宽、叶高等叶部相关性状变异系数较小；相关性分析结果显示，叶部相关性状之间以及生殖器官相关性状之间分别存在显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05、P<0.01),花被片数相对独立；通过主成分分析提取了5个主成分，累积贡献率达到61.799%,可以将21个表型性状降维至长势、花发育状态、株型发育状态、叶柄被刺和花色等5个主成分；聚类分析将所有资源分为6类，每一类群内的种质资源分别具有相似的表型特征，不同类群的种质资源为杂交育种提供了特异性亲本。本研究结果揭示了观赏荷花丰富的表型性状遗传多样性，为骨干亲本筛选和突破性品种创制提供了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abundant ornamental lotus germplasm resources exist, yet breeding faces bottlenecks such as unclear genetic background of parental materials and low efficiency. This study conducted genetic diversity and biostatistical analyses on 10 quantitative and 11 qualitative traits across 238 ornamental lotus germplasm resources. The results indicated that Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 7.708 to 7.858 for qualitative traits and 7.560 to 7.881 for quantitative traits. The mean Shannon-Wiener diversity index for quantitative traits was higher than that for qualitative traits. The number of tepals exhibited the highest coefficient of variation(64.82%) and the lowest Shannon-Wiener diversity index(7.560), while most leaf-related traits(e.g., leaf length, leaf width, and leaf height) showed limited variation. The correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among leaf-related traits or reproductive organ-related traits, while the number of tepals remained relatively independent. The first five principal components, extracted via principal component analysis and explaining 61.799% of the cumulative variance, effectively reduced the 21 phenotypic traits into five dimensions representing: growth vigor, flower status, plant architecture, petiole spine density, and flower color. Cluster analysis grouped all resources into six distinct clusters, each sharing similar phenotypic characteristics. These clusters provided specific parental candidates for cross-breeding. This research unveils the rich phenotypic genetic diversity within ornamental lotus germplasm, offering a foundation for screening elite parents and creating breakthrough cultivars.更多还原