【摘要】 【目的】探明贵州产区香蕉炭疽病致病菌株种类，筛选有效防治香蕉炭疽病的化学药剂，实现科学精准用药，保障香蕉产业的经济效益和可持续发展。【方法】以贵州册亨县、望谟县、安龙县和兴义市4个香蕉产区疑似香蕉炭疽病的病叶为材料，分离纯化菌株并观察形态学特征，通过柯赫氏法则验证致病性，并结合分子生物学鉴定香蕉炭疽病病原菌种类。以鉴定为香蕉炭疽病的致病菌为研究对象，采用菌丝生长速率法检测50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、25%腈菌唑乳油、75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇水分散粒剂等杀菌剂的室内毒力与防治效果。【结果】从疑似香蕉炭疽病的病叶中分离获得1株致病菌（GZXY012），结合形态学和分子生物学鉴定为果生刺盘孢（Colletotrichum fructicola）。50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、25%腈菌唑乳油和75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇水分散粒剂等8种杀菌剂对炭疽菌的抑制效果差异明显，病原菌对45%咪鲜胺水乳剂最敏感，其有效半抑制浓度(EC₅₀)仅0.095μg/mL，其次为50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂，EC₅₀分别为0.176μg/mL和1.343μg/mL;25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂、10%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂和75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇水分散粒剂敏感性略低，EC50为4.648～6.416μg/mL;25%腈菌唑乳油抑制效果较差，EC5₀为24.713μg/mL;80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂抑制效果最差，EC₅₀为91.332μg/mL。6种杀菌剂500倍稀释液对GZXY012病菌有较好的防治效果，表现为45%咪鲜胺水乳剂（94.44%）>50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂（92.22%）=10%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂（92.22%）>75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇水分散粒剂（88.89%）>70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂（86.66%）>25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂（85.56%）。【结论】香蕉果生炭疽菌（C. fructicola）是贵州香蕉产区引起炭疽病的主要菌株之一，推荐使用咪鲜胺、多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑等杀菌剂防治由该菌引起的香蕉炭疽病。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】The species of pathogenic strains causing banana anthracnose were investigated to screen effective chemical fungicides for controlling banana anthracnose and realize scientific and precise application of fungicides for guaranteeing economic benefits and sustainable development of banana industry.【Method】The morphological characteristics, pathogenicity and species of the purified stain causing banana anthracnose isolated from the suspected banana anthracnose leaves collected from four banana producing areas(Ceheng County, Wangmo County, Anlong County and Xingyi City) in Guizhou were analyzed, verified and identified by observation, Koch’s law and molecular biology respectively. The indoor toxicity and controlling efficacy of 50% carbendazim WP, 25% myclobutanil EC and 75%trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WDG against the purified stain causing banana anthracnose were detected by the mycelial growth rate method.【Result】The strain GZXY012 was successfully isolated from the suspected banana anthracnose leaves and identified as Colletotrichum fructicola by morphology and molecular biology. There was a significant difference in inhibitory effect against C. fructicola among 8 tested fungicides, including 50% carbendazim WP, 75%trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WDG, 25% myclobutanil EC and 80% mancozeb WP, etc. The EC50 of 45% prochloraz EW,50% carbendazim WP and 70% thiophanate-methyl WP was 0.095 μg/mL, 0.176 μg/mL and 1.343 μg/mL respectively. The EC50 of 25% pyraclostrobine SC, 10% difenoconazole M and 75% trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WDG was 4.648-6.416μg/mL. The EC50 of 25% Myclobutanil EC and 80% Mancozeb WP was 24.713 μg/mL and 91.332 μg/mL. The control effect of6 tested fungicides × 500 times against C. fructicola was 45% prochloraz EW(94.44%)> 50% carbendazim WP(92.22%)= 10% difenoconazole M(92.22%)> 75% trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WDG(88.89%)> 70%thiophanate-methyl WP(86.66%)> 25% pyraclostrobine SC(85.56%).【Conclusion】C. fructicola is one of main pathogens causing anthracnose in Guizhou’s banana-growing regions. Three fungicides of prochloraz, carbendazim and difenoconazole with a good control effect against C. fructicola causing banana anthracnose should be used in banana production in Guizhou.更多还原