【摘要】 试验旨在研究丁酸钠(sodium butyrat, SB)对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)生长、免疫、肝胰腺结构和胰岛素信号通路的影响。选取初始体重为(0.10±0.01) g的健康日本沼虾，随机分为4组，分配至12个水族箱(300 L)中，每组3个平行，每个重复（每箱）70尾虾。以鱼粉和酪蛋白作为主要蛋白源制作4组等氮等脂的饲料，各组饲料中分别补充0(阴性对照，SB0组)、0.2%(SB0.2组)、0.4%(SB0.4组)的丁酸钠，并以本实验室前期研究发现最佳添加1.5%的后生元（PB）为阳性对照(PB1.5组)，试验周期为8周。试验结果显示：(1)SB0.2组和SB0.4组日本沼虾增重率(WG)和存活率(SR)显著高于SB0组，SB0.2组的WG和SR显著高于PB1.5组(P<0.05)。(2)SB0.2组和SB0.4组肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性均显著高于SB0组(P<0.05)，但显著低于PB1.5组(P<0.05)。而SB0.2组和SB0.4组肝胰腺中丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于SB0组(P<0.05)。(3)与SB0组相比，SB0.2组、SB0.4组和PB1.5组肝胰腺分泌细胞(B细胞)数量增多，体积增大，肝小体排列更为紧密，星状体更为规则。(4)SB0.2组或SB0.4组胰岛素受体底物1(irs1)和磷酸肌醇3-激酶（pi3k）的mRNA相对表达量均显著高于SB0组。SB0.4组的葡萄糖转运体4(glut4)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于SB0组。由此可见，在饲料中补充0.2%～0.4%的丁酸钠可以提高日本沼虾生长和免疫性能，改善肝胰腺结构，调控胰岛素信号通路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate(SB) on growth performance, immune response, hepatopancreatic morphology and insulin signaling pathway of oriental river prawn(Macrobrachium nipponense). Juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense(0.10 ± 0.01) g were selected as the research subjects and randomly assigned to 12 aquariums(300 L). Each treatment consisted group of three replicates, with a total of 70 prawns in per aquarium. Four groups of isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were made using fish meal and casein as the primary protein sources. Each diet was supplemented with either 0%(negative control, SB0 group), 0.2%(SB0.2 group), or 0.4%(SB0.4 group) sodium butyrate, the positive control group received postbiotics eat an optimal addition of 1.5% previously establish in our laboratory(PB1.5). The results indicated that(1) the weight gain rate and survival rate of M. nipponense in the SB0.2 and SB0.4 groups were significantly higher than observed those in the SB0 group, while prawns in the SB0.2 group exhibited significantly higher rates than those in the PB1.5 group(P<0.05).(2) A activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), polyphenol oxidase(PO), acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase(AKP) within the hepatopancreas were significantly elevated in sodium butyrate-treated groups compared to SB0 controls(P<0.05); however, these activities remained lower than those recorded for PB1.5 group(P<0.05). Additionally, the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) levels across all treated groups showed significant reductions when compared to the SB0 group(P<0.05).(3) In both sodium butyrate group and the postbiotics group, there was a notable increase in the number of hepatopancreatic blister cells(B cells), a more compact arrangement of hepatopancreas corpuscles, and a more regular formation of stellate bodies when compared to the SB0 group.(4) The relative mRNA expression levels of the insulin receptor substrate 1(irs1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase(pi3k) in the SB0.2 and SB0.4 groups were significantly higher than those in the SB0 group(P<0.05). And the relative mRNA expression levels of the glucose transporter 4(glut4) in the SB0.4 group were significantly higher than those in the SB0 group(P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementing 0.2%-0.4% sodium butyrate in feed can enhance the growth performance, immune function of oriental river prawn, improve the morphology of hepatopancreas, and regulate insulin signaling pathway.更多还原