【摘要】 加快中国出口贸易“增量提质”是建设贸易强国的内在要求，探讨对外援助对出口的影响及其内在机制意义重大。在理论分析对外援助影响出口的机制基础上，基于2000—2021年中国对139个国家的援助数据，实证检验对外援助对中国出口“量”和“质”的影响。研究表明，对外援助显著推动中国对受援国出口贸易“增量提质”，该效应主要通过增加受援国居民消费支出、完善受援国基础设施和提升受援国政府效能三条渠道实现。拓展性分析表明，对外援助的出口促进效应集中在资金、技术和人力援助领域，并且对于中国资本密集型和技术密集型产品以及中低收入受援助国家更明显，受援国与中国之间的制度距离负向显著调节该效应。中国建设贸易强国需要更好结合对外援助与出口“增量提质”，完善援助机制，深化与受援国贸易合作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accelerating the “enhancement of scale and quality” of China’s export trade is an inherent requirement for building a trading power.Exploring the impact of foreign aid on exports and its underlying mechanisms is of great significance.Based on a theoretical analysis of the mechanisms through which foreign aid affects exports,this study empirically examines the impact of China’s foreign aid on both the “scale” and “quality” of its exports,using data on China’s aid to 139 countries from 2000 to 2021.The findings reveal that foreign aid significantly promotes the “enhancement of scale and quality” of China’s exports to recipient countries.This effect is primarily achieved through three channels:increasing household consumption expenditure in recipient countries,improving their infrastructure,and enhancing the effectiveness of their governments.Further analysis indicates that the export-promoting effect of foreign aid is concentrated in the areas of financial,technological,and human resources assistance,and is more pronounced for China’s capital-intensive and technology-intensive products,as well as for lower-middle-income recipient countries.The institutional distance between recipient countries and China negatively and significantly moderates this effect.Building a trading power requires China to better integrate foreign aid with the goal of “enhanceing scale and quality” in exports,improve aid mechanisms,and deepen trade cooperation with recipient countries.更多还原