【摘要】 本研究旨在比较骨唇黄河鱼与黄河裸裂尻鱼的线粒体基因组结构特征及系统发育关系，为黄河上游特有鱼类分子鉴定和趋同进化提供参考依据。通过Illumina测序技术对黄河支流宛川河兴隆山段的骨唇黄河鱼和黄河一级支流庄浪河永登段黄河裸裂尻鱼的线粒体全基因组进行测序、组装和注释及生物信息学分析比较。线粒体全基因组比较结果表明，黄河支流宛川河兴隆山段采集的样本与骨唇黄河鱼(玛曲)一致性为99.93%,与Genbank中骨唇黄河鱼NC＿029181.1一致性为99.55%,可以确定该样本为骨唇黄河鱼。骨唇黄河鱼线粒体基因组全长为16 765 bp,包含22个tRNA基因，13个蛋白编码基因，2个rRNA基因和1个D-Loop控制区，核苷酸组成A+T含量为55.51%,G+C含量为44.49%,表现出明显的AT偏倚性。黄河裸裂尻鱼的线粒体基因组全长为16 746 bp,包含22个tRNA基因，13个蛋白编码基因，2个rRNA基因和1个D-Loop控制区，核苷酸A+T含量为55.48%,G+C含量为44.52%,表现出明显的AT偏倚性。系统发育分析结果表明，裂腹鱼亚科鱼类被分为两个主要支系，其中黄河裸裂尻鱼与祁连山裸鲤具有较近的进化关系，而骨唇黄河鱼与小头高原鱼聚为一支，显示出较近的亲缘关系。研究结果解决了特殊鱼类形态学鉴定难的问题，为深入理解裂腹鱼亚科鱼类的趋同进化和生物多样性保护提供了理论依据和基础资料。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to compare the structural characteristics of mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic relationships between Chuanchia labiosa and Schizopygopsis pylzovi, so as to provide reference basis for the molecular identification and convergent evolution of endemic fishes in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the complete mitochondrial genomes were sequenced, assembled, annotated, and then bioinformatics analysis was carried out in C. labiosa collected from the Xinglongshan section of the Wanchuan River, a tributary of the Yellow River and S. pylzovi collected from the Yongdeng section of the Zhuanglang River, a first-level tributary of the Yellow River by Illumina sequencing technology. The results showed that C. labiosa had the complete mitochondrial genome of 16 765 bp in length, containing 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 D-Loop control region, with nucleotides A+T content of 55.51% and the G+C content of 44.49%, indicating an obvious AT bias. While S. pylzovi had the complete mitochondrial genome of 16 746 bp in length, containing 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 D-Loop control region, with nucleotides A+T content of 55.48% and the G+C content of 44.52%, also showing an obvious AT bias. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that the fishes in Schizothoracinae were divided into two main clades, in which Schizopygopsis pylzovi had a relatively close evolutionary relationship with Gymnocypris eckloni chilianensis, while Chuanchia labiosa clustered with Gymnocypris przewalskii, showing a relatively close genetic relationship. The findings led to the difficult problem of morphological identification of special fishes to be solved and to offer important theoretical basis and basic data for understanding of convergent evolution and biodiversity conservation of fishes in Schizothoracinae.更多还原