【摘要】 [目的]为有效解决极端天气条件下风电叶片覆冰引发的发电效率下降、叶片动平衡遭到破坏和叶根疲劳加剧等问题，[方法]开展叶片防冰和除冰方法研究，重点对当前各类防冰和除冰方法的研究进展及应用情况进行综述。简要介绍常见的覆冰类型及覆冰预测方法，并对常用的防冰和除冰方法的基本原理、优缺点和研究现状进行梳理；结合以往的实践经验总结防冰和除冰方法的产业应用现状，同时结合叶片大型化发展趋势总结各类防冰和除冰方法在超长柔性风电叶片防冰和除冰领域应用面临的难点；在此基础上，展望未来需进一步关注的研究方向，并提出具体的发展意见。[结果]结果表明：目前还没有一种既能有效除冰，又能兼顾节能降耗、除冰效率、系统运行稳定性和维护成本的防冰和除冰方法。各方法具有不同的适用范围，且发展水平各异。[结论]研究成果可为今后风电叶片防冰和除冰方法的研究与应用提供一定参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Purpose] In order to effectively solve the problems of decreased power generation efficiency, disrupted blade dynamic balance, and increased blade root fatigue caused by ice cover on wind turbine blades under extreme weather conditions, [Method] blade anti icing and de icing methods are studied, and the current research progress and application of various anti-icing and de-icing methods are summarized in detail. Common types of icing and icing prediction methods are introduced, and the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages, and research status of commonly used anti icing and de icing methods are summarized; The current industrial application status of anti icing and de icing methods is summarized based on past practical experience, and at the same time, the difficulties faced by various anti-icing and de-icing methods in the application of ultra long flexible wind turbine blades are summarized, taking into account the trend of large-scale blade development; On this basis, future research directions that require further attention are discussed, and specific development suggestions are proposed. [Result] The results indicate that there is currently no effective anti-icing and de-icing method that can balance energy conservation and consumption reduction, de-icing efficiency, system operation stability, and maintenance costs. Each method has a different scope of application and varying levels of development. [Conclusion] The research results can provide some references for the future research and application of anti-icing and de-icing methods for wind turbine blades.更多还原