【摘要】 为了探究贵州泡核桃(Juglans sigillata Dode)主要经济性状特征及其对海拔的响应。于2022年在不同海拔区域采集114株当地农家实生泡核桃单株,通过田间观测、统计分析和生理生化试验,测定果实形态、仁重、出仁率、粗脂肪和蛋白质含量等性状,利用SPSS26和Origin 21进行统计分析与图表绘制。结果表明:贵州泡核桃坚果表型性状总体小于核桃(Juglans regia L.),但粗脂肪和蛋白质含量更高。各经济性状间相关性显著,纵径、横径、侧径、坚果重、壳厚和核仁重之间呈极显著相关,仁重和出仁率主要受三径和壳厚影响。横径和侧径与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关,纵径与蛋白质含量显著负相关;壳厚与粗脂肪含量显著相关,粗脂肪与蛋白质含量亦呈显著负相关。主成分分析表明,坚果重、侧径、横径和仁重是主要评价指标。坚果三径、重量、仁重、壳厚和出仁率与海拔无显著相关,但粗脂肪含量随海拔升高而下降,蛋白质含量则上升。粗脂肪-海拔拟合方程为:■=3 950.495-36.908x;蛋白质-海拔拟合方程为:■=923.487+25.118x。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to investigate the main economic traits and their response to altitude of Juglans sigillata Dode in Guizhou Province.In2022,114 locally grown J.sigillata trees were collected from different altitude areas.Through field observation,statistical analysis,and physiological and biochemical experiments,fruit morphology,kernel weight,kernel yield,crude fat,and protein content were measured.Statistical analysis and chart drawing were conducted using SPSS 26 and Origin 21.Research has shown that the phenotypic traits of Guizhou J.sigillata nuts are generally smaller than those of Juglans regia, but the content of crude fat and protein in the nucleolus is higher.There is a significant correlation between various economic traits,with a highly significant correlation between longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,lateral diameter,nut weight,shell thickness,and kernel weight.Kernel weight and kernel yield rate are mainly influenced by three diameters and shell thickness.The horizontal and lateral diameters are significantly negatively correlated with protein content,while the vertical diameter is significantly negatively correlated with protein content;shell thickness is significantly correlated with crude fat content,and crude fat is also significantly negatively correlated with protein content.Principal component analysis showed that nut weight,lateral diameter,transverse diameter,and kernel weight were the main evaluation indicators.There is no significant correlation between the three diameters,weight,kernel weight,shell thickness,and kernel yield of nuts and altitude,but the crude fat content decreases with increasing altitude,while the protein content increases.The fitting equation for crude fat altitude is:■=3 950.495-36.908x;the protein altitude fitting equation is:■=923.487+25.118x.更多还原