【摘要】 本次调查旨在探究规模化牧场奶牛低钙血症发生状况及其与生产性能、疾病和淘汰的关系。为此，我们选择了全国81家规模化牧场，对其奶牛的泌乳性能、繁殖性能、疾病状况、淘汰情况进行了问卷调查，并运用SPSS软件对牧场生产数据进行了统计分析。调查结果显示，不同牧场奶牛低钙血症的发病率存在显著差异。亚临床型低钙血症的发病率约为临床型的2倍，且约30%的牧场低钙血症发病率处于较高水平。低钙血症对牧场奶牛泌乳性能无明显影响，但发病率高会降低受胎率，增加隐性乳房炎、酮病和常见内科病的发病率，增加全年死淘率和成母牛死淘率。此外，临床、亚临床和总体的低钙血症发病率对繁殖、疾病如乳房炎、酮病等疾病的发生率的影响存在差异，其中临床型低钙血症的危害更为严重。综上所述，低钙血症仍是我国规模化牧场奶牛健康和生产性能的重要威胁因素之一。对于发病率较高的牧场，建议开展奶牛分娩前后血钙的定期监测，并深入调查相关致病因素，从而为完善低钙血症的预防措施、降低疾病发生率、提高繁殖效率和减少淘汰率提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this survey was to understand the occurrence of hypocalcemia in dairy cows in large-scale pasture and its relationship with production performance,disease and culling.Eighty-one large-scale pastures were selected in China to carry out a questionnaire survey on the lactation performance,reproductive performance,disease status and culling situations of dairy cows,and analyzed the production data of dairy farms by SPSS software.The survey results show that the incidence of hypocalcemia in dairy cows in pasture was different,the subclinical type was nearly twice as high as the clinical type,and the incidence rate of hypocalcemia was higher in about30% of pasture.Hypocalcemia has no obvious effect on the lactation performance of dairy cows on dairy farms.However,a high incidence rate can reduce the conception rate,increase the incidence of subclinical mastitis,ketosis,and other common internal diseases,and raise the annual culling rate and culling rate of adult cows.Clinical,subclinical and total incidence of hypocalcemia have different effects on reproduction and diseases such as mastitis and ketosis,but clinical hypocalcemia is more harmful.Hypocalcemia is still an important metabolic disease that harms the health and production of dairy cows in large-scale pastures in China.For farms with a high incidence rate,it is recommended to conduct regular monitoring of blood calcium levels in dairy cows before and after calving,and to conduct in-depth investigations into the related pathogenic factors.This will provide a scientific basis for improving the prevention measures for hypocalcemia,reducing the incidence of the disease,increasing reproductive efficiency,and reducing culling rates.更多还原