【摘要】 现存的北京四合院木构民居中，梁柱的连接节点多为馒头榫节点。该研究开展了两个2/3缩尺馒头榫节点模型的低周往复试验，利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立模型，并将模拟与试验结果进行对比校核。在此基础上，探讨了竖向荷载、摩擦因数、横纹和顺纹弹性模量和强度，以及榫头的残损等因素对馒头榫节点转动性能的影响规律。研究结果表明，馒头榫节点的破坏模式表现为榫头拔出、榫头根部挤压变形，以及木柱摇摆机制下端面对卯口附近木材的挤压。竖向荷载的增加提升了馒头榫节点的转动弯矩和刚度。在24 kN竖向荷载下，馒头榫节点模型提供的抗弯承载力为1.5kN·m,抗弯刚度为101.4 kN·m/rad; 10 kN竖向力导致其抗弯刚度降低了36.09%,最大弯矩承载能力降低了31.25%;20 kN竖向力导致其抗弯刚度降低了7.89%,最大弯矩承载能力降低了12.50%。摩擦因数的增加可导致馒头榫节点转动强度能力的提升。木材横纹弹性模量对馒头榫节点转动刚度的影响微小，但对抗弯承载弯矩有一定的影响。顺纹弹性模量对馒头榫节点初始抗弯刚度和承载力的影响也很小。横纹强度的增加导致馒头榫节点的抗弯能力表现出不同程度的提升，最大弯矩对应的转角也有不同程度的增加。榫头残损导致馒头榫节点抗弯能力不同程度的减弱。研究成果为四合院木结构民居的保护和修缮提供了参考和理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In existing quadrangle courtyard wooden dwellings in Beijing, most of joints between beams and columns are Mantou tenon joints. Here, low cycle reciprocating tests were conducted for two 2/3 scale Mantou tenon joint models, and their ABAQUS finite element models were established. Simulation results and test results were checked contrastively. Then, effects of vertical load, friction coefficient, transverse and longitudinal elastic moduli and strengths as well as tenon damage situation on rotation performance of Mantou tenon joint were explored. The results showed that failure modes of Mantou tenon joint exhibit tenon being pulled out, tenon root squeezed deformation and wooden pillar swing mechanism lower end face squeezing wood near mortise mouth; increase in vertical load improves rotational bending moment and stiffness of Mantou tenon joint; under 24 kN vertical load, anti-bending moment provided by Mantou tenon joint model is 1.5 kN·m, and anti-bending stiffness is 101.4 kN·m/rad; vertical force of 10 kN can cause 36.09% decrease in its flexural stiffness and 31.25% decrease in its maximum anti-bending moment; vertical force of 20 kN can reduce its bending stiffness by 7.89% and its maximum anti-bending moment by 12.50%; increase in friction coefficient can cause improvement of rotational strength of Mantou tenon joint; wood transverse elastic modulus has little effect on rotational stiffness of Mantou tenon joint, but has a certain impact on anti-bending moment; wood longitudinal elastic modulus has little effect on initial flexural stiffness and anti-bearing momemt of Mantou tenon joint; increase in transverse strength can cause improvement of anti-bending moment of Mantou tenon joint in different degrees, and the corresponding rotation angle of maximum bending moment also increases in different degrees; tenon damage can cause weakening of bending resistance of Mantou tenon joint in different degrees; the study results can provide a reference and theoretical basis for protection and restoration of quadrangle courtyard wooden dwellings.更多还原