【摘要】 为明确耕层土壤残膜量对棉花生长发育的影响，本研究采用田间原位试验模拟棉田土壤中地膜残留量的累积变化状况，设置添加250、500、1 000、1 500、2 000 kg/hm²残膜，以不添加残膜为对照，共6个处理，分析残膜量对棉花种子出苗率及棉花生理生长的的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，随残膜量的增加，残膜添加1 000、1 500、2 000 kg/hm²处理，棉花出苗率显著下降了13.14%、12.59%和13.91%（P<0.05）。与对照相比，各生育期的棉花株高、茎粗和SPAD值在残膜添加1 000 kg/hm²时分别显著降低了8.33%～11.21%、7.80%～17.43%和5.36%～7.34%（P<0.05）。与对照相比，添加250、500、1 000、1 500、2 000 kg/hm²残膜处理的蒸腾速率、净光合速率均随残膜量增加而下降。与对照相比，添加250、500、1 000、1 500、2 000 kg/hm²残膜的胞间CO₂浓度、气孔导度显著下降15.41%～42.18%、13.23%～31.91%（P<0.05）。残膜量增加会阻碍根系生长，主根直径和根系体积随残膜量的增加下降；根系长度、根系表面积与残膜量间显著负相关（P<0.05）。残膜量的增加对棉花的正常生长产生影响，当残膜量超过500 kg/hm²时，棉花的株高、茎粗、SPAD值、光合及根系形态等指标均显著降低，不利于棉花植株的生长发育。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to clarify the effects of residual plastic film content in the plow layer soil on cotton growth and development, an in-situ field experiment was conducted in this study to simulate the accumulation of residual plastic film in cotton field soil. Six treatments were set up: no residual film(control),and 250,500,1 000,1 500,and 2 000 kg/hm~2 of residual film addition. Afterwards the effects of residual film amount on cotton seed emergence rate and physiological growth were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control, cotton emergence rates significantly decreased by 13.14%,12.59%,and 13.91%(P<0.05) in the treatments with 1 000,1 500,and 2 000 kg/hm~2 residual film, respectively, with increasing residual film content. Compared with the control, plant height, stem diameter, and SPAD value of cotton at various growth stages were significantly reduced by 8.33%-11.21%,7.80%-17.43%,and 5.36%-7.34%(P<0.05),respectively, at 1 000 kg/hm~2 residual film. Transpiration rate and net photo-synthetic rate decreased with increasing residual film content. Compared with the control, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate all declined in the 250,500,1 000,1 500,and 2 000 kg/hm~2 residual film treat-ments. Intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance significantly decreased by 15.41%-42.18% and 13.23%-31.91%(P <0.05),respectively,in all residual film addition treatments compared with the control. In addition,increasing residual film content inhibited root growth. Taproot diameter and root volume decreased with increasing residual film content. Root length and root surface area showed sig-nificant negative correlations with residual film content(P <0.05). Increasing residual film content ad-versely affected normal cotton growth. When residual film content exceeded 500 kg/hm~2,all the above in-dicators including cotton plant height,stem diameter,SPAD value,photosynthetic parameters and root morphology decreased significantly,which was unfavorable to the growth and development of cotton plants.更多还原