【摘要】 异型眼蕈蚊Pnyxia scabiei是危害西洋参的主要地下害虫，其幼虫取食参根并导致病原物侵染，严重影响西洋参的产量与品质。为建立有效的田间监测方法，明确幼虫的种群动态及其与土壤温度的关系，本研究于2024年4月至11月在陕西留坝县西洋参田进行试验。试验以平菇、马铃薯和生姜为诱饵设置陷阱诱捕器，系统比较不同诱饵的诱集效果，定期调查幼虫种群数量动态，并同步测定0 cm、10 cm、20 cm土层的温度。结果表明，平菇作为诱饵的诱捕效果最佳，且经济性最好，适于作为田间监测的理想材料；幼虫在田间的活动期为4月初至11月中旬，种群数量在4-9月间总体上呈上升趋势，于9月中旬后逐渐下降，全年有3次明显高峰，分别出现在5月下旬至6月下旬、7月下旬至8月中旬以及9月中旬；相关分析显示，10 cm和20 cm土壤温度与幼虫种群数量呈显著正相关。本研究为异型眼蕈蚊幼虫的田间监测提供了可靠方法，并对制定科学防治策略具有指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pnyxia scabiei is a major soil-dwelling pest of American ginseng(Panax quinquefolius), whose larvae damage roots, and facilitate pathogen infection, significantly reducing crop yield and quality. To develop an effective field monitoring method and clarify the relationship between larval population dynamics and soil temperature, a field experiment was conducted in American ginseng fields in Liuba County, Shaanxi Province, from April to November 2024. Trap devices baited with oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus), potato(Solanum tuberosum), and ginger(Zingiber officinale) were used to compare their attractiveness to the larvae. Larval population dynamics were regularly recorded, and soil temperatures at 0 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm depths were measured simultaneously. The results showed that oyster mushroom was the most effective and economical bait, making it suitable for field monitoring. Larvae were present in the field from early April to mid-November, with population levels generally increasing from April to September, peaking three times-late May to late June, late July to mid-August, and mid-September-before declining after mid-September. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between larval abundance and soil temperature at 10 cm and 20 cm depths. This study provides a reliable monitoring method for P. scabiei larvae and supplies practical guidance for developing scientific control strategies.更多还原