【摘要】 有机无机肥配施作为环境友好型栽培技术，对农业可持续生产具有重要作用。为明确油菜季有机无机配施对稻季产量、品质的影响，为油-稻轮作下水稻的高产优质提供理论依据。以‘兆优5431’为材料，设置油菜季有机肥替代量分别为20%、30%、40%、50%和0%共5个处理（T1、T2、T3、T4和T5），分析了水稻产量及构成因素、稻米品质对油菜季有机无机肥配施的响应，并分析了经济效益。结果表明：T2处理下有效穗数最大，达257.85万穗/hm~2，较T5处理显著增加了18.85%；千粒重在各处理下无显著差异。水稻产量随油菜季有机肥配施比例的增加呈先增后降的趋势，在T2处理下最大，为8573.81 kg/hm~2，相比T5处理增加了10.51%，且差异显著。在T2处理相比其他处理水稻的垩白度和垩白粒率最低，对改善水稻的外观品质产生积极影响。整精米率随有机肥配施比例的增加呈增加趋势，且T2、T3、T4处理较T5处理分别提高了4.70%、6.01%、7.80%。与T5处理相比，油菜季有机无机配施处理减小了直链淀粉和蛋白质含量；使用有机肥料施肥，可以明显提升稻米淀粉崩解值，增加食味值。从经济效益来看，T2处理下的经济效益最高，净利润为19329.30元/hm~2，综合考虑作物产量和经济效益，T2处理（油菜季有机肥∶无机肥=30%∶70%）可以实现作物的产量高、经济效益高和环境友好。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an environment-friendly cultivation technology,combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers plays an important role in sustainable agricultural production.The aimed to clarify the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of rice in rape season,and provided a theoretical basis for the high yield and quality of rice under rape-rice rotation system．‘Zhaoyou 5431’ was used as the material,and five treatments with organic fertilizer substitution amounts of 0%,20%,30%,40%,and 50% in the rape season(T1,T2,T3,T4,and T5).The response of rice yield and composition factors and rice quality to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in rape season were analyzed,and the economic benefits were analyzed.The results showed that the effective panicle under T2 treatment was the largest,reaching 257.85×10~4 panicles/hm~2,which was significantly increased by 18.85%,compared with T5 treatment. There was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight among the treatments.The yield of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer in the rape season.The maximum yield was 8573.81 kg/hm~2 under T2 treatment,which was 10.51% higher than that of T5 treatment,and the difference was significant.Compared with other treatments,the chalkiness and chalky grain rate of rice were the lowest in T2 treatment,which had a positive effect on improving the appearance quality of rice.The head mill rice rate showed an increasing trend with the increasing of organic fertilizer application,and the T2,T3,and T4 treatments increased by 4.70%,6.01%,and 7.80%,respectively,compared to the T5 treatment.Compared with T5,the combination of organic and inorganic treatments during the rapeseed season reduced the content of amylose and protein.Applying organic fertilizers significantly improved the starch breakdown value and enhanced the taste value of rice.From the perspective of economic benefits,the economic benefit under T2 treatment was the highest,and the net profit was 19329.30 yuan/hm~2.Considering crop yield and economic benefits,T2 treatment(organic fertilizer∶inorganic fertilizer=30%∶70%)could achieve high crop yield,high economic benefits and environmental friendliness.更多还原