【摘要】 为探讨种植密度和氮肥施用方式对春小麦农艺性状形成的影响，以津强11号和津强12号为试验材料，设置不同种植密度(35万～50万苗·hm^-2)和施肥方式，比较株高、穗数、穗粒数、总粒数、千粒质量等指标。结果表明，穗数随着种植密度的增加而上升，种植密度为50万苗·hm^-2时最高；穗粒数、总粒数和千粒质量随着种植密度的增加而下降，种植密度为35万苗·hm^-2时最佳。在不同种植密度下，津强12号的产量构成因子均优于津强11号，适应性更强。氮肥施用方式对农艺性状影响显著，拔节期一次性施氮（b处理）的穗粒数最低，但穗数、总粒数和千粒质量最高。津强12号在各施肥处理中的产量性状均显著优于津强11号，氮素利用效率更高。综上，津强12号在种植密度和氮肥管理下通过增加穗数、穗粒数、总粒数和千粒质量表现出更强的适应性和增产优势，可为栽培优化提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effects of planting density and nitrogen application methods on agronomic traits of wheat cultivars Jinqiang 11 and Jinqiang 12, field experiments were conducted with different densities(350 000-500 000 plants·hm^-2) and fertilization strategies. Plant height, spike number, kernels per spike, total kernels, and 1 000-grain weight were measured. The results showed that spike number increased with planting density, peaking at 500 000 plants·hm^-2, whereas kernels per spike, total kernels, and1 000-grain weight decreased, with the best performance at 350 000 plants·hm^-2. Jinqiang 12 consistently outperformed Jinqiang11 across all densities, indicating stronger adaptability. Nitrogen application methods significantly affected agronomic traits: one-time application at the jointing stage（treatment b） resulted in the lowest kernels per spike but the highest spike number, total kernels, and1 000-grain weight. Across all fertilization treatments, Jinqiang 12 exhibited significantly better yield traits and higher nitrogen use efficiency than Jinqiang 11. In conclusion, Jinqiang 12 demonstrated stronger adaptability and yield advantages under planting density and nitrogen management by increasing spike number, grains per spike, total grain number, and 1 000-grain weight, providing a basis for cultivation optimization.更多还原