【摘要】 本综述深入探讨了睡眠障碍的评估工具，详细分析了其类型、特点及应用状况。睡眠障碍与多种疾病紧密相连，精准评估其病因及严重程度对于改善患者生命质量至关重要。客观评估工具方面，多导睡眠图(PSG)作为评估睡眠障碍的“金标准”,虽具备高度的准确性，但其应用受限于成本和环境因素。体动记录仪则凭借便携性和非侵入性的显著优势，适用于多种不同场景，不过它在提供睡眠结构信息方面存在一定局限。近年来，便携式PSG与消费类睡眠追踪器发展迅猛，其中消费类睡眠追踪器在大规模睡眠监测中展现出巨大潜力，但其准确性和数据安全仍有待进一步提升。主观评估工具包含量表(如匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI、失眠严重程度指数量表ISI、Epworth嗜睡程度评价表(ESS等)以及睡眠日记。这类工具虽易受个体差异的影响，但能够反映患者的主观感受，且具有成本低、操作简便的特点。本综述着重强调，联合运用主客观评估工具能够更全面地评估睡眠障碍。未来，应致力于开发高精度、低成本的新型监测设备，建立统一的验证框架，并充分利用纵向数据为公共卫生干预提供依据，从而提高睡眠障碍的诊断率和治疗效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 This review delves into the assessment tools for sleep disorders, analyzing in detail their types, characteristics, and application status.Sleep disorders are closely related to various diseases, and accurate assessment of their causes and severity is crucial for improving patients′ quality of life.In terms of objective assessment tools, polysomnography(PSG) remains the “gold standard” for evaluating sleep disorders due to its high degree of accuracy, but its application is limited by cost and environmental factors.The body movement recorder, with its significant advantages of portability and non-invasiveness, is suitable for a variety of different scenarios, but has certain limitations in providing sleep structure information.In recent years, portable PSG and consumer sleep trackers have developed rapidly, among which consumer sleep trackers have shown great potential in large-scale sleep monitoring, but their accuracy and data security still need to be further improved.Subjective assessment tools include scales such as Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Insomnia Severity Index(ISI),Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS),and sleep diaries.Although these tools are susceptible to individual differences, they can reflect the subjective feelings of patients and have the characteristics of low cost and easy operation.This review emphasizes that the combined use of subjective and objective assessment tools can more comprehensively evaluate sleep disorders.In the future, efforts should be made to develop high-precision and low-cost new monitoring devices, establish a unified verification framework, and fully utilize longitudinal data to provide a basis for public health interventions, thereby improving the diagnosis rate and treatment effectiveness of sleep disorders.更多还原