【摘要】 目的 了解攀枝花市0～3岁儿童生长发育情况。方法 以我院已建立的母婴队列人群并完成定期随访至3周岁的儿童为研究对象,共538人,其中男孩286人,女孩252人。在6月龄、12月龄、24月龄、36月龄进行体格检查和Gesell量表测试,记录其相应指标数据,采用χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果 消瘦在24月龄男女间检出率有差异,女孩高于男孩;肥胖在6月龄、24月龄、36月龄的检出率女孩高于男孩。在12月龄和24月龄神经心理发育迟缓检出率分别为10.6%和8.9%。1月龄时头围大小对儿童24月龄时的神经心理发育有明显影响;调整母孕期情况、胎儿出生体质量等因素后,1月龄时头围异常儿童在24月龄时其精细运动、语言和个人社交发育迟缓的风险显著增加,发病风险分别为头围正常组的6.48倍(95%CI:1.50～7.99,P<0.05)、5.98倍(95%CI:2.32～10.37,P<0.05)和7.10倍(95%CI:1.49～10.37,P<0.05)。结论 儿童在3岁以内,体格生长在不同年龄段和不同性别间有不同的特点,在体型匀称度方面男孩优于女孩。1月龄儿童的头围异常可能增加24月龄时精细运动、语言和个人社交方面发育迟缓的风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the growth and development status of children aged 0-3 years in Panzhihua City. Methods A total of 538 children(286 boys, 252 girls) from the established mother-infant cohort who completed regular follow-up to 3 years of age were included. Physical examinations and Gesell Developmental Scale tests were performed at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age, and corresponding data were recorded. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. Results The detection rate of underweight differed between boys and girls at 24 months, with girls having a higher rate than boys; the detection rates of obesity at 6, 24, and 36 months were higher in girls than in boys. The detection rates of neuropsychological developmental delay were 10.6% at 12 months and 8.9% at 24 months. Head circumference at 1 month had a marked impact on neuropsychological development at 24 months. After adjusting for maternal pregnancy status, birth weight, and other factors, children with abnormal head circumference at 1 month had significantly increased risks of developmental delay in fine motor, language, and personal-social skills at 24 months, with the risks being 6.48 times(95% CI:1.50-7.99; P<0.05), 5.98 times(95% CI:2.32-10.37; P<0.05), and 7.10 times(95% CI:1.49-10.37; P<0.05), respectively, compared with the normal head circumference group. Conclusion Within the first three years of life, physical growth has different characteristics across ages and sexes, with boys showing better body proportionality than girls. Abnormal head circumference at 1 month may increase the risk of developmental delay in fine motor, language, and personal-social skills at 24 months.更多还原