【摘要】 【目的】探明成膜型抗蒸腾剂在缓解猕猴桃开花坐果期高温干旱胁迫中的作用机制，以及对其光合特性、抗氧化生理与果实品质的综合影响，为抗蒸腾剂在果树逆境中的推广应用提供参考。【方法】以红阳猕猴桃为试材，以清水为对照（CK），设置6.67 mL/L（低浓度，编号SR150）、10.00 mL/L（中浓度，编号SR100）、20.00 mL/L（高浓度，编号SR50）3个浓度“神润”抗蒸腾剂处理，在盛花期前2 d(3月30日)首次叶面喷施，同步监测光合作用和生理指标及气孔形态特征；在谢花后7 d(4月13日)二次叶面喷施，分析植株生长发育情况；在采收期（8月30日）检测果实品质。【结果】抗蒸腾剂显著抑制猕猴桃叶片气孔长度、宽度及气孔张开长度、宽度。施用后2～11 d, SR100、 SR150气孔导度分别较CK显著降低21.48%～42.29%、18.00%～55.59%，蒸腾速率分别显著降低（SR100施用后5 d除外）27.59%～48.24%、31.46%～45.54%，净光合速率分别显著降低5.76%～17.83%、11.22%～20.55%，而SR50维持与CK相当的净光合速率水平。猕猴桃叶面喷施抗蒸腾剂有助于提升花期叶片含水量，以SR50效果最显著。抗氧化酶活性呈浓度-时间双重响应特征，在施用后5 d,SR50过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性较CK显著升高94.44%，在试验期间显著降低猕猴桃叶片MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量，提升猕猴桃抗高温干旱能力。在植株生长和果实品质方面，抗蒸腾剂可提升坐果期叶片含水量，以SR100、SR50效果最好，对植株生长及果实品质影响不显著，对提高坐果率有正向作用。【结论】盛花期前喷施20.00 mL/L“神润”抗蒸腾剂可显著降低红阳猕猴桃叶片气孔张开宽度、长度，维持较高净光合速率，降低蒸腾速率，减少水分散失，提升叶片含水量，实现光合效率与蒸腾耗水的动态平衡，并通过增强抗氧化代谢降低猕猴桃叶片MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量，缓解高温干旱对猕猴桃的胁迫。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】The mechanism of film-forming anti-transpirant in alleviating high-temperature and drought stress during the flowering and fruit-setting stages of kiwifruit was studied, as well as their comprehensive effects on photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant physiology, and fruit quality, thereby providing reference for the application and promotion of anti-transpirants in fruit trees under stress.【Method】Using Hongyang kiwifruit as the test material, with water as the control(CK), three anti-transpirant treatments were applied: SR150(6.67 mL/L, low concentration), SR100(10.00 mL/L, medium concentration), and SR50(20.00 mL/L, high concentration). The first foliar spray was applied 2 days before full bloom(March 30), with simultaneous monitoring of photosynthesis, physiological indicators and stomatal morphological characteristics. A second foliar spray was applied 7 days after flowering(April 13) to analyze plant growth,and fruit quality was evaluated at harvest stage(August 30).【Result】Anti-transpirants significantly inhibited stomatal length, width, and aperture dimensions in kiwifruit leaves. From days 2 to 11 after application, compared to CK, SR100 and SR150 reduced stomatal conductance by 21.48%-42.29% and 18.00%-55.59%, respectively, transpiration rate by27.59%-48.24%(excluding SR100 on day 5) and 31.46%-45.54%, and net photosynthetic rate by 5.76%-17.83% and11.22%-20.55%, respectively. SR50 maintained net photosynthetic rates comparable to CK. Foliar application of antitranspirants enhanced leaf water content during flowering, with SR50 showing the most significant effect. Antioxidant enzyme activity exhibited dual responses of concentration-time. On day 5, catalase(CAT) activity of SR50 increased by94.44% compared to CK. Malondialdehyde(MDA), soluble sugar and soluble protein content in leaves during treatment significantly reduced, while the resistance of kiwifruit to high-temperature and drought stress improved. For plant growth and fruit quality, anti-transpirants could enhance water content in leaves during fruit setting(SR100 and SR50 performed best), had no significant impact on plant growth or fruit quality, and positively influenced fruit-setting rates.【Conclusion】Applying 20.00 mL/L “ Shenrun” anti-transpirant before flowering significantly reduced length and width of stomatal aperture, maintained higher net photosynthetic rates, lowered transpiration rates, reduced water loss, increased leaf water content, achieved dynamic balance between photosynthetic efficiency and transpiration water consumption, and alleviated high-temperature and drought stress by enhancing antioxidant metabolism to reduce MDA, soluble sugar and soluble protein content in kiwifruit leaves.更多还原