【摘要】 为优化慈溪地区梨品种结构，解决主栽品种“翠冠”占比过高导致的采摘期集中、市场同质化竞争等问题，2016年从浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所引入早熟砂梨新品种“新玉”,旨在评估其在慈溪地区的适应性表现并建立配套轻简栽培技术体系。试验在慈溪市周巷镇蜜梨精品园(121°8′4″E、30°12′35″N)进行，采用随机区组设计，以当地主栽品种“翠冠”“翠玉”和“黄花”为对照，系统观测了物候期、植物学特征、果实经济性状等指标，并研发了配套的轻简化栽培技术。结果表明：“新玉”梨在慈溪地区表现优异，其果实扁圆形，果形端正，平均单果质337.1 g(最大605 g),果皮黄褐色，果面光滑，果肉白色，肉质细嫩松脆，石细胞少，可溶性固形物含量达12.2%,品质上乘；成熟期早(7月中旬),较“翠冠”早7天，较“黄花”早近1个月；盛果期平均每667 m~2产量1 256.8 kg,平均产值11 973.5元，经济效益显著高于“翠冠”(8 235.0元)和“黄花”(6 060.9元);树势中庸，成枝力较弱但连续结果能力强，对早期落叶病抗性优于主栽品种“翠冠”。“新玉”梨成熟期适宜、品质优良、经济效益高，配套的主干形树形、生草管理、水肥一体化等轻简栽培技术可显著降低生产成本，是优化慈溪梨产业品种结构的理想选择，适宜在慈溪及周边类似生态区推广种植。更多还原

【Abstract】 To optimize the pear variety structure in Cixi and address issues such as concentrated harvesting periods and the competition of homogeneous products market caused by the excessive proportion of the dominant cultivar Cuiguan, the early-maturing sand pear cultivar Xinyu was introduced from the Horticulture Research Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2016 to evaluate its adaptability in Cixi and establish a supporting light and simplified cultivation system. The experiment was conducted in the high-quality pear orchard of Zhouxiang Town, Cixi City(121°8′4″ E, 30°12′35″ N). A randomized block design was adopted, with local main cultivars Cuiguan, Cuiyu and Huanghua as controls. Phenological period, botanical characteristics and fruit economic traits were systematically observed, and the supporting light and simplified cultivation techniques were developed. The results showed that Xinyu pear performed excellently in Cixi City. The fruit was oblate with a regular shape and average weight of 316 g(maximum 605 g). The skin was yellowish-brown with a smooth surface, and the flesh was white, tender, crisp and low in stone cells. The soluble solid content reached 12.2%, indicating superior quality. It matured early(mid-July), 7 days earlier than Cuiguan and nearly a month earlier than Huanghua. With the tree in full fruit bearing stage, the average yield was 1,256.8 kg per 667 m~2, with an output value of 11,973.5 CNY, significantly higher than that of Cuiguan(8,235.0 CNY) and Huanggua(6,060.9 CNY). The tree exhibited moderate vigor and weaker branching ability, but strong continuous fruiting capacity and better resistance to early defoliation disease compared to Cuiguan. Xinyu pear was characterized by an appropriate maturity period, excellent quality and high economic benefits. Supporting light and simplified cultivation techniques such as central leader tree training, sod culture and integrated fertigation management significantly reduced production costs. It is an ideal choice for optimizing the pear variety structure in Cixi and is suitable for promotion in Cixi and similar ecological regions.更多还原