【摘要】 探索新型二氧化硅纳米气凝胶保温材料在钠冷快堆系统领域的应用，研究保温材料的高温性能和防钠火性能，对保证钠冷快堆设备、系统高效安全工作，乃至反应堆的长期稳定运行具有重要意义。为此，本研究开展了快堆用新型二氧化硅纳米气凝胶保温材料与高温钠的相容性试验，采用外观形貌观察、燃烧温度测量、成分分析等分析测试方法对实验过程和结果进行了观察和分析。实验结果显示，二氧化硅纳米气凝胶保温材料在大气中高温烘烤后会释放大量CO、CO₂等气体，密闭空间有安全隐患；发生钠泄漏时，在钠没有燃烧的情况下，保温材料内将完全充满钠，其性状发生改变；钠泄漏燃烧后将直接引起保温材料的燃烧甚至爆燃，钠燃烧温度也因此升高，加重钠火事故后果；燃烧后的保温材料发黑、变脆，内部充斥着含钠微粒，保温材料性状完全改变，易引发二次火灾潜在危害。因此，二氧化硅纳米气凝胶保温材料在钠冷快堆系统钠泄漏工况下有较大安全风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is important to ensure the equipment of sodium-cooled fast reactor operates efficiently and safely, as well as the reactor operates stably. The application of new silica nanoporous aerogel thermal insulation material in sodium-cooled fast reactor system was explored, and the high-temperature performance and sodium fire resistance of the materials were studied. This paper presents the experimental study on the compatibility behavior of a new type of nanoporous aerogel thermal insulation material in high-temperature sodium for sodium-cooled fast reactor. The temperature of the whole combustion process of the insulation material with sodium was recorded and observed, and the composition change of the material before and after combustion was analyzed. The test results show that the nanoporous aerogels insulation materials will release CO, CO₂ and other gases after baking at high temperature in air, but the composition remains unchanged. When sodium leakage occurs, if the sodium is not burning, the insulation material is completely filled with sodium, and its properties are changed. However, after the sodium leakage combustion happens, it will directly cause the combustion of thermal insulation materials, and the combustion temperature of sodium increases, the consequences of the accident were aggravated. After the combustion, the thermal insulation materials become black and brittle, and the interior is full of sodium particles, so the properties of thermal insulation materials are completely changed, and the potential hazards were easily caused. There are great safety risks while the silica nanoporous aerogel thermal insulation material is used in sodium-cooled fast reactor system under the condition of sodium leakage.更多还原