【摘要】 本文以某大尺度深海冷泉环境模拟承压结构为研究对象，系统性总结了适用于球壳开孔补强的主要设计计算方法，以21 MPa、Φ5000 mm球壳为例，研究了开孔率为0.1～0.6条件下的基于等面积法、压力面积法、极限分析法的补强效果，定量分析了球壳补强长度、接管补强长度对球柱接合区局部结构的应力分布影响规律，采用缩比模型进行了验证。研究发现：对于高压大开孔补强设计，相比于平齐补强，密集补强方法将补强金属集中于球柱接合区，所需的补强面积更小，更为经济；球壳、接管补强长度的增加均会有效降低交接处的应力集中系数，提高局部结构的极限强度并改变破坏形式，但接管长度的增加具有一定的边际效应，在具备制造可行性的前提下应尽量增加球壳补强长度；基于有限元方法的结构应力计算结果与实测结果较为吻合。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main design calculation methods applicable to the reinforcement of spherical shell openings were systematically summarized focusing on the simulation of pressure bearing structures in a large-scale deep-sea cold seep environment. Then, as an example, the reinforcement effect was studied based on equal area method, pressure area method, and limit analysis method respectively under the conditions of opening ratio of 0.1–0.6 and pressure of 21 MPa for a Φ5000 mm spherical shell. Quantitative analysis was conducted on the influence of the reinforcement length of the spherical shell and the reinforcement length of the connecting pipe on the stress distribution of the local structure in the joint zone between the ball and column,and a scaled model was used for verification. The results indicate that the dense reinforcement method needs less reinforced area and is more economical for high-pressure large-opening reinforcement design, and that the increase in the reinforced lengths of the spherical shell and the connecting pipe will effectively reduce the stress concentration factor at the junction and improve the ultimate strength of the local structure. However,t he increase in the length of the connecting pipe has a certain marginal effect. On the premise of manufacturing feasibility, the reinforcement length of the spherical shell should be increased as much as possible. The structural stress calculation results based on finite element method are in good agreement with the measured results.更多还原