【摘要】 [目的]为了实现国际海事组织（IMO）提出的船舶运输CO₂排放强度到2030年及2050年分别下降40%和70%的目标，并应对船舶燃料碳含量高所带来的减排挑战，海运业的“碳中和”路线及政策已成为当前研究热点。[方法]围绕IMO船舶温室气体减排目标，提出了船舶“碳中和”3个阶段的推进策略，并通过产业端、燃料端及动力装置端协同发力，形成过程减碳和源头控碳相结合的船舶“碳中和”路线。[结果]通过实施“碳中和”路线，一方面，可推进船舶动力节能提效及总体优化，降低运行过程中的碳排放，包括发动机效率提升、推进系统优化和新材料应用等；另一方面，大力发展多种低/零碳替代燃料，如氢、氨和甲醇等，并结合各国能源结构选择合适的碳中性燃料路径。在政策方面，IMO制定的碳强度指标（CII）、现有船舶能效指数（EEXI）等将进一步推动船舶海运业脱碳。[结论]未来，需建立全生命周期评价系统，确保燃料低/零碳化，并促进基于可再生能源的氢能制备技术发展，以实现航运业的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Purpose] To achieve the International Maritime Organisation’s（IMO） targets of reducing CO₂ emissions intensity from shipping by 40% by 2030 and 70% by 2050, and to address the emissions reduction challenges posed by the high carbon content of marine fuels, the maritime industry’s carbon neutrality pathways and policies have become a current research focus. [Method] In this regard, the paper focuses on the IMO ship greenhouse gas emission reduction target, integrates a three-stage promotion strategy for ship carbon neutrality, and forms two emission reduction routes of process carbon reduction and source carbon control through the synergistic efforts of the industrial end, the fuel end and the power unit end. [Result] Through the implementation of carbon neutrality route, on the one hand, promote energy-saving and efficiency improvements of ship power, as well as overall optimization, to reduce carbon emissions during operation, including engine efficiency improvement, propulsion system optimization and application of new materials. On the other hand, vigorously develop a variety of low-carbon alternative fuels, such as hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, etc., and choose the appropriate paths in the light of the energy structure of each country. In terms of policy, IMO’s carbon intensity indicator（CII） and energy efficiency existing ship index（EEXI） will further promote the decarbonization of the maritime industry. [Conclusion] In the future, a full life-cycle evaluation system needs to be established to ensure the decarbonization of fuels and to promote the development of technologies such as hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the shipping industry.更多还原