【摘要】 山西蒲津渡铁质锚柱文物腐蚀严重，为了给铁质文物的保护修复提供科学依据，开展了铁质锚柱腐蚀产物及腐蚀机理研究。采用体式显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线荧光分析仪（XRF）、激光显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和离子色谱仪研究了铁质锚柱文物的埋藏环境、表面形貌、锈蚀产物、锈层结构，分析了其腐蚀机理。结果表明：锚柱材质为灰口铸铁，铸铁组织包括铁素体、渗碳体及石墨，石墨呈不规则片状均匀分布在渗碳体与铁素体之中；锚柱周围土壤的含水率较高（7.21%）,pH接近中性（7.156），腐蚀性Cl^-的浓度达到中等危害程度；锚柱表面的泥锈层和锈层有明显的分层现象，泥锈层的外层和中层主要由α-FeOOH等稳定性锈蚀成分组成；泥锈层的内层以及锈层的外层和中层主要由α-FeOOH、Fe₃O₄、Fe₂O₃、γ-FeOOH等成分组成，表明锈蚀反应仍在进行，不稳定的γ-FeOOH继续被氧化成稳定的α-FeOOH和Fe₃O₄，形成不含氯的铁器腐蚀机制；锈层的内层疏松，主要由α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、Fe₃O₄、FeOCl等组成，裂隙中检测出有害锈蚀物β-FeOOH，表明Cl^-可通过β-FeOOH的空穴以及锈层中的裂缝渗入内部参与腐蚀，生成FeOCl，其进一步转化为有害锈β-FeOOH，形成含氯的铁器腐蚀循环机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The iron anchor artifacts found at Pujindu in Shanxi Province are severely corroded. In order to provide a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of such iron cultural relics, the corrosion products and corrosion mechanisms of the iron anchor from this site have been investigated. The burial environment, surface morphology, rust products and rust layer structure of the iron anchor cultural relics were studied using stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS）, X-ray fluorescence analysis（XRF）, laser confocal Raman spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and ion chromatography, and the corrosion mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the anchor material is gray cast iron, and the cast iron structure includes ferrite, cementite and graphite. Graphite is uniformly distributed in an irregular flaky form in cementite and ferrite. The moisture content of the soil around the anchor is relatively high（7. 21%）, the pH is close to neutral（7. 156）, and the concentration of corrosive Cl^-reaches a moderately hazardous level. The layers of mud and rust on the surface of the anchor exhibit a distinct stratification phenomenon. The outer and middle layers of the mud layer are mainly composed of stable rust components such as α-FeOOH. The inner layer of the mud layer, as well as the outer and middle layers of the rust layer, are mainly composed of components such as α-FeOOH, Fe₃O₄, Fe₂O₃, and γ-FeOOH, indicating that the rusting reaction is still ongoing. The unstable γ-FeOOH continues to be oxidized into stable α-FeOOH and Fe₃O₄, confirming that a chloride-free mechanism is responsible for the observed corrosion. The inner layer of the rust layer is loose and mainly composed of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe₃O₄, and FeOCl. The harmful rust substance β-FeOOH was detected in the cracks, indicating that Cl^-can penetrate the interior through the cavities of β-FeOOH and the cracks in the rust layer and participate in corrosion, resulting in the formation of FeOCl. FeOCl further transforms into harmful rust β-FeOOH, confirming the presence of a chloride-containing corrosion cycle mechanism.更多还原