【摘要】 本文系统综述了以果实形态和皮质品相为核心价值的观赏葫芦连作障碍的表现与发生机制,针对性提出葫芦科作物连作障碍的综合防治措施。观赏葫芦连作障碍是指该作物连续栽培后出现的生长抑制现象,不仅表现为幼苗生长迟缓、根系发育异常、植株抗性下降及病虫害高发,更直接导致果实畸形、皮质粗糙等问题。其连作障碍发生机制主要与以下因素有关:偏施化肥造成土壤养分失衡,微量元素匮乏及盐分积聚;土壤病原菌及病虫害(镰刀菌、根结线虫等)积累;根系分泌及残体分解产生酚酸类物质等。基于此,总结了以保障该作物商品性为前提的葫芦科作物连作障碍综合防控策略,包括土壤管理,通过平衡施肥、增施有机肥和补充中微量元素来调控土壤营养,并利用根际促生菌改善微生态;病原控制,采用轮作方式阻断病原循环,并结合太阳能闷棚、化学消毒等物理化学方法减少土壤病原数量,消毒后补充有益菌以恢复地力;生物技术应用,选育抗病品种并利用嫁接技术(以南瓜为砧木)提高植株抗逆性。相关措施共同构成综合治理体系,为观赏葫芦连作障碍防控提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The manifestations and mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles in ornamental gourds, with fruit morphology and cortex quality as the core values were systematically reviewed, and integrated control measures for cucurbit crops were proposed. The obstacle of continuous cropping of ornamental gourds refers to the growth inhibition phenomenon that occurs after continuous cultivation of the crop, which not only manifests as slow seedling growth, abnormal root development, decreased plant resistance, and high incidence of pests and diseases, but also directly leads to problems such as fruit deformity and rough cortex. The mechanisms primarily involve: imbalance of soil nutrients due to excessive fertilizer application, leading to micronutrient deficiency and salt accumulation; buildup of soil-borne pathogens and pests(Fusarium spp. and root-knot nematodes); and the accumulation of phenolic acids released through root exudates and residue decomposition. Based on this, a comprehensive prevention and control strategy for continuous cropping obstacles of cucurbit crops was summarized, with the premise of ensuring the commercialization of the crop, including soil management, regulating soil nutrition through balanced fertilization, increased organic fertilizer application, and supplementation of secondary and micronutrients, while utilizing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to improve the microecology. Pathogen control, implementing crop rotation models to disrupt pathogen cycles, combined with physical and chemical methods such as solarization and chemical disinfection to reduce soil pathogen load. Beneficial microorganisms should be reintroduced after disinfection to restore soil fertility. Biotechnology applications, breeding disease-resistant varieties and using grafting techniques(with pumpkin rootstocks) to enhance plant stress tolerance. These measures collectively form an integrated management system, providing a reference for addressing continuous cropping obstacles in ornamental gourds.更多还原