【摘要】 后生元是指对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物和(或)其成分制剂，包括菌体代谢产物(如短链脂肪酸、胞外多糖、有机酸、蛋白质等)以及灭活菌体和菌体的成分(如肽聚糖、磷壁酸、细胞壁多糖、细胞表层蛋白等)。与益生菌相比，后生元的安全性和稳定性更高，可以避免活菌转移耐药基因的潜在风险，更加有利于储存和生产。综述了后生元的功能性成分及生物活性、植物基后生元组分及生物活性、后生元的产业现状与趋势，详细介绍了后生元成分在抗氧化、免疫调节、抗炎等方面的研究进展，尤其关注了植物基后生元组分，并通过对后生元市场未来发展趋势的展望阐述了后生元安全性研究和评价体系建立的必要性，旨在为后生元的深入研究及其在食品、生物医药等领域的应用开发提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Postbiotics are preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or their constituents that benefit the host′s health. These constituents include inactivated bacteria and their metabolites(e.g., peptidoglycans, teichoic acids, extracellular polysaccharides, surface layer proteins, etc.) as well as bacteria′s metabolites(e.g., short-chain fatty acids, extracellular polysaccharides, organic acids, proteins, etc.). Postbiotics are safer and more stable than probiotics, and they can prevent the transmission of drug-resistant genes from living bacteria. They are also more suitable for production and storage. This study combines the most recent domestic and international research contents to elaborate on the postbiotic research hotspots, functional components and bioactivities of postbiotics, plant-based postbiotics components and bioactivities, and the industrial status and trends of postbiotics. It introduces in detail the progress of the research on the components of postbiotics in the areas of antioxidant, immunomodulation and anti-inflammation that have been researched, with a particular focus on plant-based postbiotics components. Through the outlook of the future development trend of the postbiotic market, the necessity of establishing the safety research and evaluation system of postbiotics is elaborated. This review will provide a reference for in-depth research on postbiotics and their industrialization and development in the field of food biomedicine and other fields.更多还原