【摘要】 2023年中国科学家在植物科学主流期刊发表的论文数量相比2022年大幅提高,在柱头受体调控十字花科种内和种间生殖隔离,叶绿体TOC-TIC超级复合物结构,作物高产、耐逆及抗病机制,葡萄和柑橘属植物的起源和传播,现代玉米、谷子和马铃薯种质资源演化等方面取得了重要研究进展。其中,“农作物耐盐碱机制解析及应用”和“新方法实现单碱基到超大片段DNA精准操纵”入选2023年度中国科学十大进展,“植物远缘杂交过程中‘花粉蒙导效应’的分子机制”入选2023年度中国生命科学十大进展。该文总结了2023年度我国植物科学研究取得的成果,并简要介绍了30项有代表性的重要进展,梳理了植物科学研究中所使用的实验材料,以帮助读者了解我国植物科学的发展态势,进而思考如何更好地开展下阶段研究和服务国家重大战略需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2023, the numbers of original research articles published by Chinese plant scientists in mainstream plant science journals increased significantly improved compared with that in 2022, and important advances have been made in the fields of regulation of intraspecific and interspecific reproductive isolation in Brassicaceae by stigma receptors, supercomplex structure of chloroplast TOC-TIC, mechanisms of crop yield, disease resistance, stress tolerance, the origin and spread of grapes and citrus plants, and the evolution of modern maize, millet and potato germplasm resources.Among them, “Crop Salt and Alkali Tolerance Mechanisms and Applications”, and “A New Method for Precise Manipulation of Single Base to Large Fragment DNA” in 2023 were selected as two of the “Top Ten Advances in Plant Sciences in China”; “The Molecular Mechanism of Mentor Pollen Effect in Plant Distant Hybridization” was selected as one of the “Top Ten Advances in Life Sciences in China” in 2023. Here we summarize the achievements of plant science research in China in 2023, by briefly introducing 30 representative important research advances and sorting out the experimental materials used in plant science research, so as to help readers understand the trend of plant science development in China, and evaluate future research direction to meet major national strategic needs.更多还原