【摘要】 免疫调节剂在儿童呼吸系统疾病防治中的作用越来越受到关注与重视，但其种类繁多、机制多样，临床疗效需进一步验证，高质量的研究证据也亟待充实。为进一步规范免疫调节剂的合理使用，中华医学会儿科学分会临床药理学组等联合《中国实用儿科杂志》编辑委员会，组织儿童呼吸、免疫、感染、变态反应、耳鼻咽喉等专业多学科的临床专家，基于临床实践和循证医学证据制定了《儿童常见呼吸系统疾病免疫调节剂合理使用专家共识（2024年版）》，系统总结了常用免疫调节剂的作用机制、在儿童常见呼吸系统疾病的临床使用证据及用法用量等，并针对在儿童哮喘、反复呼吸道感染、肺炎、慢性鼻窦炎和变应性鼻炎等疾病中的应用提出6条共识意见，旨在引导广大儿科医生科学合理地使用该类药物。更多还原

【Abstract】 More and more attention has been paid to the role of immunomodulators in the prevention and treatment of respiratorydiseases in children. There are a wide variety of immunomodulators with various mechanisms,their clinical efficacy needs to befurther verified,and high-quality research evidence needs to be substantiated. In order to further standardize the rational use of immunomodulators,the Clinical Pharmacology Group of thePediatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association,together with the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics,has invited clinical experts in children’s respiratory,immune,infection,allergy,otolaryngology and otherdisciplines to formulate The Expert Consensus on the Rational Use of Immunomodulators for Common Respiratory Diseases inChildren based on clinical practice and evidence-based medicine to systematically summarize the mechanism of commonly usedimmunomodulators and the clinical evidence,usage and dosage etc. in common childhood respiratory diseases. Six consensusopinions have been put forward concerning their application in common respiratory diseases such as childhood asthma,recurrentrespiratory infection,pneumonia,chronic sinusitis and allergic rhinitis,aiming at guiding pediatricians to use immunomodulatorsscientifically and reasonably.更多还原