【摘要】 小麦条锈病是中国重要的流行性真菌病害，严重威胁国家粮食安全。通过持续应用抗病品种和植保措施，小麦条锈病在中国得到了较好的控制。然而，随着全球气候变化、栽培制度的变革、育种方法技术的改进、产量水平的提高及条锈菌群体结构和毒性频率的不断变异，有必要对新时期小麦抗条锈病基因育种利用现状进行科学评估，以期为广谱持久多抗小麦品种的培育提供依据。本文通过对近年来中国西南、西北和黄淮主产区小麦品种（系）的条锈病抗性进行系统的抗病鉴定、遗传分析和抗条锈病基因分子标记的定位和检测，总结了中国小麦育种中主要抗条锈病基因的利用情况，对中国小麦抗条锈病基因发掘与种质创新、小麦育种中利用的主要抗条锈病基因、新时期抗条锈病基因利用的策略、小麦育种中抗条锈病基因选择和鉴定等进行了论述，并对新时期小麦抗条锈病育种发展方向进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst) is a devastating disease threaten food security in China and worldwide. Epidemics of wheat stripe rust have been under control through applying resistant cultivars and crop protection approaches. However, due to climate change, innovation of cropping system, improvement of breeding technology, yield level enhancement of wheat cultivars, variation in structure and frequency of virulence genes in Pst populations in the new era, the current status of stripe rust resistance genes in wheat breeding programs need to be evaluated. The results could provide useful information for applying stripe rust resistance genes to develop new wheat cultivars with broad-spectrum and durable rust resistance. After multiple year’s stripe rust resistance survey, genetic analysis, molecular tagging and mining of stripe rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines, the current status of major stripe rust resistance genes utilization was reviewed. We summarized the present situations of major stripe rust resistance gene discovery and germplasm innovation, the most frequently used stripe rust resistance genes, new strategy for pyramiding adult plant partial resistance and all stage resistance, and molecular marker assisted selection for developing wheat cultivars with broad spectrum and durable resistance in China. This review also proposes the major research areas in wheat stripe rust resistance breeding in the new era.更多还原