【摘要】 目的：分析盐业体制改革前后厦门市8～10岁儿童碘营养状况，为碘缺乏病防控策略调整和制定提供科学依据。方法：在盐业体制改革前（2016年）和改革后（2022年），采用横断面调查和分层整群抽样方法，选择厦门市下辖的6个区为调查点。抽样检测8～10岁儿童家中盐碘、随意1次尿碘和甲状腺肿大情况，并对检测结果进行比较分析。结果：盐业体制改革前和改革后，厦门市8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率由1.9%(8/423)上升至2.8%(36/1 265)，但差异无统计学意义（χ~2=1.138,P>0.05）;8～10岁儿童碘盐覆盖率从98.4%(1 213/1 233)下降为96.0%(1 215/1 265)，合格碘盐食用率从95.9%(1 183/1 233)下降为93.3%(1 180/1 265)，改革后均低于改革前，差异均有统计学意义（χ~2值分别为17.382、8.669,P<0.05）；非碘盐率从1.6%(20/1 233)上升至4.0%(50/1 265)，改革后高于改革前，差异有统计学意义（χ~2=17.392,P<0.01）;8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数从216.1μg/L下降为183.4μg/L，改革后低于改革前，差异有统计学意义（Z=4.732,P<0.01）。结论：厦门市持续保持消除碘缺乏病目标，但盐业体制改革后合格碘盐食用率降低，非碘盐率上升，碘缺乏危害风险加大。应坚持科学补碘，强化碘缺乏病防治各项干预措施，保障碘营养安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE To analyze the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 to 10 years in Xiamen before and after the reform of salt industry system, and to provide scientific basis for the adjustment and formulation of iodine deficiency disease prevention and control strategies. METHODS Before(2016) and after(2022) the reform of salt industry system, cross-sectional research methods and stratified cluster sampling methods were adopted in 6 districts of Xiamen. The salt samples at home and random 1-time urinary sample of children aged 8 to 10 years were collected to determine the iodine level; thyroid of children aged 8to 10 was examined. Changes in salt iodine, urine iodine and goiter prevalence before and after the reform of salt industry system.RESULTS The rate of goiter among children aged 8 to 10 years increased from 1.9%(8/423) to 2.8%(36/1 265) before and after the reform of the salt system in Xiamen,but the difference was not statistically significant （χ~2=1.138,P>0.05）. The rate of iodized salt coverage among children aged 8 to 10 years decreased from 98.4%(1 213/1 233) to 96.0%(1 215/1 265)（χ~2=17.382,P<0.05）,and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt decreased from 95.9%(1 183/1 233) to 93.3%(1 180/1 265)（χ~2=8.669,P<0.05）,which was lower after the reform than before the reform,and both differences were statistically significant. The rate of non-iodized salt increased from 1.6%(20/1 233) to 4.0%(50/1 265), which was higher after the reform than before the reform,and the difference was statistically significant （χ~2=17.392,P<0.05）. The median urinary iodine among children aged 8 to 10 years decreased from 216.1 μg/L to 183.4 μg/L,which was lower after the reform than before the reform,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=4.732,P<0.05). CONCLUSION Xiamen continues to maintain the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disease, but the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt has decreased and the rate of non-iodized salt has increased after the reform of the salt industry system,which increases the risk of iodine deficiency hazards.Scientific iodine supplementation should be adhered to,and all interventions for iodine deficiency disorders should be strengthened to ensure iodine nutritional security.更多还原