【摘要】 零知识证明(zero-knowledge proofs, ZKP)是一种允许证明者向验证者证明某一陈述正确性而无需泄露任何其他信息的密码学协议.主要介绍了零知识证明的加速研究，尤其关注了基于二次算术程序(QAP quadratic arithmetic program)和内积证明(inner product argument, IPA)的ZKP.研究表明，零知识证明的计算效率可以通过硬件加速技术显著提高，包括使用GPU,ASIC,FPGA等.首先介绍了零知识证明的定义与分类及目前零知识证明应用所遇到的困难.其次详细讨论了不同硬件系统的加速方法、实现原理及其相对于传统CPU的性能提升.例如，cuZK和GZKP利用GPU实现了多标量乘法(multi-scalar multiplication, MSM)和数论变换(number theoretic transform, NTT),而PipeZK,PipeMSM,BSTMSM则通过ASIC和FPGA加速这些计算过程.此外，也提到了零知识证明在区块链中隐藏交易细节等方面的应用案例，如ZCash的隐秘交易.最后，提出了未来研究的方向，包括加速更多类型的ZKP和将硬件加速应用到实际的应用场景中，以解决效率低下问题，推动零知识证明技术的广泛应用.更多还原

【Abstract】 Zero-Knowledge Proofs(ZKP) are cryptographic protocols that allow a prover to demonstrate the correctness of a statement to a verifier without revealing any additional information. This article primarily introduces research on the acceleration of zero-knowledge proofs, with a particular focus on ZKPs based on Quadratic Arithmetic Programs(QAP) and Inner Product Proofs(IPA). Studies have shown that the computational efficiency of zero-knowledge proofs can be significantly improved through hardware acceleration technologies, including the use of GPUs, ASICs, and FPGAs. Firstly, the article introduces the definition and classification of zero-knowledge proofs, as well as the difficulties encountered in its current application. Secondly, this article discusses in detail the acceleration methods of different hardware systems, their implementation principles, and their performance improvements over traditional CPUs. For example, cuZK and GZKP utilize GPUs to perform Multi-scalar Multiplication(MSM) and Number Theoretic Transform(NTT), while PipeZK, PipeMSM, and BSTMSM accelerate these computational processes through ASICs and FPGAs. Additionally, the article mentions applications of zero-knowledge proofs in blockchain for concealing transaction details, such as the private transactions in ZCash. Lastly, the article proposes future research directions, including accelerating more types of ZKPs and applying hardware acceleration to practical scenarios to resolve issues of inefficiency and promote the widespread application of zero-knowledge proof technology.更多还原