【摘要】 热防护材料是现代航天工程的物质基础。新一代飞行器朝着高马赫数飞行速度发展，对热防护材料提出了耐高温、轻质、防隔热一体化等更高要求。本文综述国内外轻质树脂基防隔热材料的研究进展，分析树脂基防隔热材料向抗氧化、纳米孔化以及梯度化发展的趋势；针对纳米孔树脂基防隔热材料，重点介绍其防隔热机理与力学性能失效机制，以期为高效轻质树脂基热防护材料的设计制备提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thermal protection systems are significantly important in modern aerospace engineering. When the new generation of vehicles evolves towards higher Mach flight speeds, there is an increasing demand for thermal protection systems that could combine high-temperature resistance, lightweight construction, and integrated thermal protection and insulation. This paper has reviewed the research progress on lightweight resin-based thermal protection materials domestically and internationally and analyzed their development trends in enhanced oxidation resistance, nanoporous structures, and gradient designs. Besides, this study has introduced the thermal protection and insulation mechanisms as well as the mechanical failure mechanisms of nanoporous resin-based materials, thus providing valuable insights for effective design and fabrication.更多还原