【摘要】 航天电源系统作为航天器的“能源心脏”，承担着电能高效存储和精准转换等关键任务，其运行稳定性关乎航天器各子系统的顺畅运作与整体效能发挥。随着航天任务日益复杂化和空间极端环境加剧，电源系统必须持续技术创新与性能迭代升级。基于此，本文从太阳能电池、化学电池等器件材料与技术角度梳理其应对高能辐射、温度交替、高真空等极端环境的最新进展，阐述国内外空间电源材料与技术的最新发展动态，从基础研究与实际应用角度分析电源器件在航天极端环境中面临的关键挑战，展望未来航天电源技术的发展趋势及其在航天任务中的潜在应用前景，以期为推进航天先进电源材料与技术的发展应用提供有益借鉴与启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aerospace power subsystem, known as its “energy heart”, is responsible for key tasks such as efficient storage and accurate conversion of electrical energy. Its operational stability affects the smooth operation and overall effectiveness of each subsystem of the spacecraft. The increasing complexity of space missions and the intensification of extreme space environments have led to the need for continuous technological innovation and performance upgrades of power systems. Based on this, in this study, the materials and technologies development trends of solar cells, chemical batteries and other devices were reviewed domestically and abroad from the perspective of extreme environments, including radiation, alternating temperatures and high vacuum. Besides, the key challenges of power devices in the extreme aerospace environment were analyzed, and the potential aerospace mission application prospects were envisioned. This review provides a reference and inspiration for promoting the research and development of advanced aerospace power materials.更多还原