【摘要】 红树林、海草床、盐沼湿地是海洋“蓝碳”的重要组成部分，是碳汇能力极强的海洋生态系统。在国内外相关研究的基础上，本文综述了红树林、海草床和盐沼等几种典型滨海湿地的碳汇能力、湿地损毁对碳汇能力的影响以及修复和提升其碳汇能力的难点。对国内外现有的滨海湿地碳汇监测方法进行了综述，并从滨海湿地碳汇现状监测、湿地保护及增汇等几个方面提出建议和展望。在全球范围内滨海湿地具有较强的碳汇能力，是陆地生态系统的10倍。随着城市扩张，人为开发利用滨海湿地将转变为工业、建设用地，是滨海湿地生态系统碳汇能力丧失的主要影响因素，湿地的恢复难度大、周期长，具有较多的不确定性。目前滨海湿地碳源汇的监测方法主要有清单法、直接测量法及遥感监测法和生态系统模型法等监测方法。各国在对滨海湿地碳汇调查的研究不断地探索和完善的同时，还存在着诸多问题，因此滨海湿地调查需要加强以下方面的研究：开展滨海湿地碳汇摸底和生境质量调查；建立滨海湿地蓝碳调查体系同时将湿地利用变化考虑进来；整合现有碳汇调查数据形成数据库为政策制定模型优化提供可靠的数据支持；继续探索新型调查方法在碳汇调查中的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mangroves, seagrass beds and salt marshes are important components of marine "blue carbon" and marine ecosystems with strong carbon sinks. Based on the relevant studies at home and abroad, in this paper, we reviewed the studies on the carbon sequestration capacity of several typical coastal wetlands like mangrove, seagrass beds and salt marshes, the impact of wetland damage on such capacity, and the difficulties met in restoring and improving their carbon sequestration capacity. The reviewed included also the existing monitoring methods of coastal wetland carbon sink at home and abroad. We put forward suggestions and prospects from several aspects which include current monitoring of coastal wetland carbon sink, wetland protection and sink enhancement. Globally, coastal wetlands have a strong carbon sequestration capacity, 10 times that of terrestrial ecosystems. With urban expansion, human exploitation and utilization, the coastal wetlands may be transformed into industrial and construction lands, which is the main influencing factor for the loss of carbon sequestration capacity of coastal wetland ecosystem. Wetland restoration is difficult, has a long cycle and holds more uncertainties. At present, the monitoring methods of coastal wetland carbon source and sink mainly include inventory, direct measurement, remote sensing monitoring and ecosystem model methods. While countries are constantly exploring and improving the researches on coastal wetland carbon sink survey, there are still many problems. Therefore, the researches on coastal wetland survey should be strengthened in the following aspects including conduction of coastal wetland carbon sink and habitat quality surveys, establishment of the blue carbon survey system of coastal wetland, changing wetland use into account, integration of existing carbon sink survey data into databases supporting the optimization of policy making model, and exploring continuously the application of new survey methods in carbon sink investigation.更多还原