【摘要】 了解基因表达的性别偏倚有助于理解性别相关的表型二态性，它也是研究基因-表型互作的一个重要的领域。为填补基因数据的空缺及揭示基因表达的性别偏倚，首次开展了高体鳑鲏(Rhodeus ocellatus)肌肉组织的RNA测序。分别采集雌性和雄性高体鳑鲏各3尾，从鱼体上剥离肌肉组织。剥离的组织置于液氮中研磨，抽提获得总RNA后，通过Illumina HiSeq测序平台进行转录组建库、测序并进行了差异表达基因分析。结果表明，雌、雄高体鳑鲏样本中分别测序获得6.39 GB和6.70 GB的Clean Data,组装后得到46 194个Unigene,大小达到59.68 Mb,序列平均长度达到1 354.67 bp。比对数据库后，共注释Unigenes 24 754个，占所有Unigenes的53.59%。GO功能注释结果显示，25 887、21 822和10 008个Unigenes分别注释到生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个GO分类中。预测转录因子3 030个，获得微卫星22 560个。差异表达分析显示，雌性与雄性个体之间有3 216个差异表达基因，其中雄性个体显著上调基因有1 796个，显著下调基因1 420个。GO富集分析表明，雌、雄个体间基因表达差异多集中在细胞水解酶活性、转运活力和细胞外区域等GO条目上。KEGG通路富集分析表明，疱疹病毒感染、补体与凝血级联反应和蛋白质消化和吸收通路是富集差异基因最多的3个通路。蛋白互作网络分析表明，雌性和雄性个体间存在2个主要的蛋白互作网络，为蛋白酶内肽酶复合物(Psmd1,Psmd3和Psmd5等)等相关基因构成的互作网络和由纤维蛋白原(Fga, Fgb和Fgg)等相关基因构成的互作网络。以上分析表明，雌、雄高体鳑鲏基因表达具有明显的性别偏倚性。本研究结果补充了高体鳑鲏的转录组信息，揭示了高体鳑鲏基因表达的性别偏倚，也为进一步研究基因表达的性别偏倚与表型互作提供了数据支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Understanding the sex bias of gene expression is helpful to understand the dimorphism of sex-related phenotypes, and it is also a significant field in the study of gene-phenotype interactions. To fill the genetic data gap and reveal sex bias in gene expression, RNA-seq of the muscle of Rhodeus ocellatus was carried out for the first time. Three females and three males were collected, respectively, and the muscle tissue was dissected from the fish. The exfoliated tissue was ground in liquid nitrogen, and total RNA was extracted. Then sequences through the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform, and differential expression gene analyses were performed. The results showed that the Clean Data of 6.39 GB and 6.70 GB were obtained from the female and male R. ocellatus, respectively, and 46 194 Unigenes were obtained after assembly, with 59.68 Mb and an average sequence length of 1 354.67 bp. 24 754 Unigenes were annotated by comparing the databases, accounting for 53.59% of all Unigenes. GO functional annotation results showed that 25 887, 21 822, and 10 008 Unigenes were annotated into three GO classifications: biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. Three thousand thirty transcription factors were predicted, and 22 560 microsatellites were obtained. Differential expression analysis showed 3 216 differentially expressed genes between females and males, of which 1 796 were significantly up-regulated and 1 420 were significantly down-regulated in males. GO enrichment analysis showed that gene expression differences between males and females were mainly concentrated on GO terms such as hydrolase activity, transporter activity, and extracellular region. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that Epstein-Barr virus infection, complement and coagulation cascades, and protein digestion and absorption pathway were the three pathways with the most enriched differential genes. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that there were two major protein-protein interaction networks between female and male individuals. One consists of Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, including PSMD1, Psmd3, Psmd5, and other related genes; the other consists of Fibrinogen, including Fga, Fgb, and Fgg. The gene expression of female and male R. ocellatus had an apparent sex bias. This study’s results supplemented the transcriptomic information of R. ocellatus and revealed the sex bias of gene expression in R. ocellatus, and provided data support for further research on the sex bias of gene expression and phenotype interactions.更多还原