【摘要】 家蚕微粒子病具有食下传染和胚种传染2种传播方式，对蚕桑产业具有毁灭性危害。在长期的养蚕生产实践中已经研发了一系列的微粒子病防控技术与方法，其中实施“母蛾检疫控制胚种传染，养蚕过程消毒防止食下感染”是主要措施，还有成品卵检验、药物治疗、高温处理蚕种、微孢子虫检测等作为辅助措施。以长期的实践结果分析现有家蚕微粒子病防控技术与方法存在的问题发现：母蛾检疫存在判断标准过于严格，有非病原性或致病力很弱的异型微孢子虫干扰等问题；成品卵检验存在抽样代表性差，判断标准设计简单等问题；养蚕过程的桑叶消毒受病原分布和来源复杂的影响造成防效不稳定；治疗药物的应用因给桑时药物分布不均匀而使防效不佳；高温处理蚕种存在卵龄难以协调一致，蚕种受热不均及负面影响等问题；新型微孢子虫检测技术存在灵敏度不够高及假阳性和成本高等问题；利用转基因技术培育抗微粒子病的家蚕品种存在安全性和实用性问题。综合以上分析认为，在产业发展新形势下家蚕成品卵的检疫是一个“卡脖子”问题，建议完善家蚕成品卵检验方法并作为蚕种质量常规检疫措施，结合应用家蚕微粒子病治疗药物、高温处理蚕种等技术，创新家蚕微粒子病防控模式，才能保证蚕、桑产业健康稳定发展的需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Silkworm Pébrine has two modes of transmission: perorall infection and germinative infection, which pose a devastating threat to the sericulture industry. A series of pébrine prevention and control technologies and methods have been developed in long-term sericulture production, among which the implementation of “mother moth quarantine to control germinative infection, disinfection during sericulture to prevent perorall infection” is the main measure, and there are also auxiliary measures such as inspection of egg finished products of silkworm, high-temperature treatment of silkworm eggs, and microsporidia inspection. Through long-term practical analysis of various techniques and methods for preventing and controlling pébrine, it was found that there are problems with strict standard of judgment and interference from non-pathogenic or low pathogenic alien microsporidia in the testing of mother moths. The inspection of egg finished products of silkworm has problems such as poor sampling representativeness and simple design of standard of judgment. The disinfection of mulberry leaves during sericulture is affected by the complex distribution and sources of pathogens, resulting in unstable efficacy. The application of therapeutic drugs may result in uneven distribution of drugs during administration, leading to poor efficacy in prevention. High temperature treatment of silkworm eggs has problems such as difficulty in coordinating the age of silkworm eggs, uneven heating of silkworm eggs, and negative impacts. The new microsporidia detection technology has problems such as not in line with reality, false positives, and high cost. There are safety and practicality issues in using genetically modified technology to cultivate silkworm varieties resistant to microsporidia. Based on the above analysis, it is believed that the quarantine of finished silkworm eggs is a bottleneck problem under the new situation of industrial development. It is suggested to improve the quarantine methods of inspection of egg finished products of silkworm and use them as routine quarantine measures for silkworm egg quality. Combined with the application of treatment drugs for silkworm. microsporidia and high temperature treatment of silkworm eggs, a new prevention and control mode for pébrine can be established to ensure the healthy and stable development of the sericulture industry.更多还原